BBC2 and World Cinema

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-360
Author(s):  
Ieuan Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Iron Curtain ◽  
World War ◽  
Hollywood Films ◽  
General Rules ◽  
World Cinema ◽  
Ready Availability ◽  
Second World

This article examines the origins of BBC2's reputation as a purveyor of films from around the world, exploring the significance and impact of the strand World Cinema (1965–74) and assessing the range and diversity of its offer. Foreign-language titles had been broadcast by the Corporation since before the Second World War, due partly to their ready availability at a time when Hollywood films were ‘off limits’, given the hostility of American (and British) film companies towards the new rival medium of television. During this early period, however, these continental films were not popular, undoubtedly due to the fact that subtitles were very difficult to read on small, low-definition television screens. BBC2, with its commitment to minority tastes and interests and its use of both the higher-definition 625-line UHF system and colour, was perfectly placed to revive and foster interest in world cinema. For those who urged broadcasters to adopt and maintain an enlightened film policy, World Cinema became exemplary, as a rare exception to the general rules in early television of editing for content or length, block buying (the practice of buying the rights to a mixed package of films in order to acquire certain gems) and haphazard scheduling. For a generation of cinephiles, World Cinema was a formative and educative experience. Particular attention is paid here to the first five years of World Cinema, which saw the strand give attention to a variety of ‘New Waves’ and relay experiences from behind the Iron Curtain and further afield.

scholarly journals English-Polish contrastive grammar at Polish universities

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 126-138
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Mańczak-Wohlfeld
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
World War ◽  
English Departments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contrastive Linguistics ◽  
Second World

Although contrastive studies do not enjoy great prestige among linguists, they have a very long tradition dating back to ca. 1000 A.D. when Ælfric wrote his Grammatica, a grammar of Latin and English. Even then he must have been aware of the fact that the knowledge of one language may be helpful in the process of learning another language (Krzeszowski 1990). Similarly, it seems that throughout the history of mankind teachers of a foreign language must have realized that a native and foreign tongue can be contrasted. However, contrastive linguistics only came into being as a science at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The first works were almost purely theoretical, and it is worth emphasizing that among the first scholars working in the field was Baudouin de Courtenay, a Polish linguist, who published his contrastive grammar of Polish, Russian and Old Church Slavonic in 1912. The outbreak of the Second World War was a milestone in the development of applied contrastive studies since a need to teach foreign languages in the United States arose as a result. The 1960’s is considered a further step in the development of contrastive grammar since a number of projects were initiated both in Europe and in the U.S.A. (Willim, Mańczak-Wohlfeld 1997), which resulted in the introduction of courses in English-Polish contrastive grammar at Polish universities. The aim of the present paper is to characterize and evaluate the courses offered in the English departments of selected Polish universities and to suggest an “ideal” syllabus.

scholarly journals Język polski na Uniwersytecie Łotewskim w Rydze

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 269-277
Author(s):  
Renāte Miseviča-Trilliča
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Communicative Skills ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Polish Culture ◽  
The University ◽  
Second World

The Polish language at the Latvian University in RigaThe history of teaching of Polish language in the University of Latvia (LU) starts soon after its establishment in 1919. In the 1930s thanks to such famous scientists as Julian Krzyżanowski and Stanisław Kolbuszewski, the number of subjects connected with the Polish culture has increased at the Faculty of Philology and Philosophy and the Latvian society was introduced to the numerous works of these professors, published in different publications in Latvia. After the Second World War, Polish language has been taught within Russian philology with the aim of comparison Eastern and Western Slavic language groups. At the same time scientific works on the state of Polish language of local Poles started to appear. Since the 1990s students of Russian Philology of the LU study Polish language as the foreign language by acquiring not only the structure of it for comparative purposes, but also by acquiring communicative skills. Due to the intensive cooperation with the Polish institutions, exchange programmes and the interest of the students, Polish language as the foreign language occupies a stable place among the courses of Bachelor programme of Russian philology in the LU.

scholarly journals Analysis of Policy Changing in the History of Chinese Teaching in the U.S.A.

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Meng Yanhua
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Font Size ◽  
World War ◽  
Foreign Language Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chinese Teaching ◽  
Second World ◽  
Priority Policy

<p align="LEFT"> </p><p><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Based on the analysis of the language policy patterns of the U.S.A., the article combs on its history of Chinese teaching. It’s proposed that the 130 years of history can be divided into four periods according to different policy patterns. These are nonintervention policy before the Second World War, priority policy during the war, containment- priority- diversity policies after the war, and priority policy in the 21</span><sup><span style="font-size: xx-small;">st </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">century. Based on these analyses, a revised policy pattern mode is provided for analyzing foreign language policy.</span></sup> </p>

Arctic Carnivalesque: Ethnicity, Gender and Transnationality in the Films of Tommy Wirkola

Films on Ice ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Iversen
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Art Cinema ◽  
Horror Genre ◽  
Hollywood Films ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines the way in which Sámi filmmaker Tommy Wirkola ironically appropriates contemporary Hollywood films such as The Blair Witch Project (1999) and Quentin Tarantino’s Kill Bill (2003-4) to create ironic, postmodern genres films that address questions of ethnicity and gender. Iversen examines the way in which Wirkola’s films made in Norway such as Kill Buljo: The Movie (2007) and the ‘Nazi zombie horror splatter comedy’ Dead Snow (2009) appropriate the horror genre to tell stories about traumatic events in Northern Norwegian history -- such as the German invasion during Second World War -- while incorporating visual references to European and Scandinavian art cinema. Iversen also analyses the representations of masculinity in Knut Erik Jensen’s Cool and Crazy (2001).

scholarly journals Looking Forwards through the Past: Bukovina’s “Return to Europe” after 1989–1991

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëlle Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
German Language ◽  
Iron Curtain ◽  
World War ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cultural Connections ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Second World

This article is part of the special cluster titled Bukovina and Bukovinians after the Second World War: (Re)shaping and (re)thinking a region after genocide and ‘ethnic unmixing’, guest edited by Gaëlle Fisher and Maren Röger. Over the course of the 1990s, the region of Bukovina, once the easternmost province of the Austrian half of the Habsburg Empire, gained unprecedented visibility abroad. This was the case in German-language space in particular. There, Bukovina became the subject of newspaper articles, books, films, and exhibitions; travel and tourism to the area developed; political agreements and partnerships were even established between German or Austrian and “Bukovinian” regions. These initiatives, across “East and West,” across the former Iron Curtain, were meant to bridge the former divide. But many were based on proclaimed historical and cultural connections: as the widespread slogan read, Bukovina “returned to Europe.” In the process, historical Bukovina, by then split between Romania and a newly independent Ukraine, was not so much rediscovered as resurrected, reconstructed, and reinvented on the basis of existing ideas and assumptions. This raises a range of questions: why Bukovina, why in these countries, and why then? In this article, I identify different groups of actors, trends, and phases in the popular resurgence of Bukovina after 1989–1991 and highlight their origins, differences, and interactions. By tracing the activities and narratives of some of the key actors of the reinvention of the region after 1989–1991, this article explores the tensions between visions of the past and visions of the future in Germany, Austria, and Europe after 1989. It thereby also contributes to a critical reflection on the meaning of the wider “return to Europe” of Central and Eastern Europe after the end of the Cold War.

Violence, Pacifism, and the Use of Force

2021 ◽  
pp. 450-466
Author(s):  
G. Scott Davis
Keyword(s):  
Just War ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Nuclear Deterrence ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
World War ◽  
Christian Realism ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Fellowship Of Reconciliation ◽  
Second World

This chapter lays out the historical development of Niebuhr’s thought on war and peace in the context of American history and religious thought. It argues that in his early thought he accepts the received wisdom concerning early Christian non-violence, a position that led him to join the “Fellowship of Reconciliation” in 1928. With the Japanese incursions into China in the early 1930s, however, his position began to shift in ways captured in his early exchange with his brother, H. Richard Niebuhr. By the time he delivered the Gifford Lectures, at the very beginning of the Second World War, he has rejected pacifism and begun to develop the positions associated with ‘Christian Realism’. This extended into the early period of nuclear deterrence, though with increasing qualification. By the early 1960s, the perceived lack of restraint led Paul Ramsey to turn to the Catholic just war tradition to articulate a Reformation doctrine of principled love that could clarify which uses of force were acceptable and which had to be rejected. The tradition of Niebuhr persists, however, in such thinkers as John Carlson, whose Christian realist account of war and peace draws directly from Niebuhr and his legacy.

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