scholarly journals Expression of deep brain photoreceptors in the Pekin drake: a possible role in the maintenance of testicular function

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 2908-2919 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Haas ◽  
E. Alenciks ◽  
S. Meddle ◽  
G.S. Fraley
Keyword(s):  
Testicular Function ◽  
Deep Brain Photoreceptors ◽  
Deep Brain

scholarly journals Exploring avian deep-brain photoreceptors and their role in activating the neuroendocrine regulation of gonadal development

2015 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 786-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne J. Kuenzel ◽  
Seong W. Kang ◽  
Z. Jimmy Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Neuroendocrine Regulation ◽  
Deep Brain Photoreceptors ◽  
Deep Brain

Deep brain photoreceptors in lower vertebrates

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. S129 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Yoshikawa ◽  
T Okano ◽  
T Oishi ◽  
Y Fukada
Keyword(s):  
Lower Vertebrates ◽  
Deep Brain Photoreceptors ◽  
Deep Brain

scholarly journals Neural activation in photosensitive brain regions of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) after light stimulation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0258007
Author(s):  
Mariann Eilertsen ◽  
Benjamin G. J. Clokie ◽  
Lars O. E. Ebbesson ◽  
Cristina Tanase ◽  
Herve Migaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
Light Stimulation ◽  
Deep Brain Photoreceptors ◽  
Deep Brain

Photoreceptive inputs to the teleost brain are perceived as image of the visual world and as photo-modulation of neuroendocrine and neuronal signals. The retina and pineal organ are major receptive organs with projections to various parts of the brain, but in the past decades deep brain photoreceptors have emerged as candidates for photoreceptive inputs, either independent or in combination with projections from light sensory organs. This study aimed to test the effects of narrow bandwidth light using light-emitting diodes technology on brain neural activity through putative opsin stimulation in Atlantic salmon. The expression of c-fos, a known marker of neural activity, was compared in situ between dark-adapted salmon parr and following light stimulation with different wavelengths. c-fos expression increased with duration of light stimulation and the strongest signal was obtained in fish exposed to light for 120 minutes. Distinct and specific brain regions were activated following dark to light stimulation, such as the habenula, suprachiasmatic nucleus, thalamus, and hypothalamus. The c-fos expression was overlapping with photoreceptors expressing melanopsin and/or vertebrate ancient opsin, suggesting a potential direct activation by light. Interestingly in the habenula, a distinct ring of vertebrate ancient opsin and melanopsin expressing cells is overlapping with c-fos expression after neural activation. Salmon exposed to different spectra had neural activation in similar brain regions. The most apparent difference was melanopsin expression in the lateral cells of the lateral tuberal nuclus in the hypothalamus, which appeared to be specifically activated by red light. Light-stimulated neuronal activity in the deep brain was limited to subpopulations of neurons, mainly in regions with neuronal modulation activity, retinal and pineal innervations and known presence of nonvisual photoreceptors. The overlapping expression patterns of c-fos and nonvisual opsins support direct light stimulation of deep brain photoreceptors and the importance of these systems in light induced brain activity.

Deep brain photoreceptors and a seasonal signal transduction cascade in birds

2010 ◽  
Vol 342 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Nakane ◽  
Takashi Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Signal Transduction Cascade ◽  
Deep Brain Photoreceptors ◽  
Seasonal Signal ◽  
Deep Brain

Identification of vertebrate deep brain photoreceptors

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell G. Foster ◽  
Michael S. Grace ◽  
Ignacio Provencio ◽  
Willem J. Degrip ◽  
JoséM. Garcia-Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Photoreceptors ◽  
Deep Brain

scholarly journals Vertebrate ancient opsin photopigment spectra and the avian photoperiodic response

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne I. L. Davies ◽  
Michael Turton ◽  
Stuart N. Peirson ◽  
Brian K. Follett ◽  
Stephanie Halford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Photoperiodic Response ◽  
Seasonal Reproduction ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Functional Link ◽  
Deep Brain Photoreceptors ◽  
Deep Brain

In mammals, photoreception is restricted to cones, rods and a subset of retinal ganglion cells. By contrast, non-mammalian vertebrates possess many extraocular photoreceptors but in many cases the role of these photoreceptors and their underlying photopigments is unknown. In birds, deep brain photoreceptors have been shown to sense photic changes in daylength (photoperiod) and mediate seasonal reproduction. Nonetheless, the specific identity of the opsin photopigment ‘sensor’ involved has remained elusive. Previously, we showed that vertebrate ancient (VA) opsin is expressed in avian hypothalamic neurons and forms a photosensitive molecule. However, a direct functional link between VA opsin and the regulation of seasonal biology was absent. Here, we report the in vivo and in vitro absorption spectra ( λ max = ∼490 nm) for chicken VA photopigments. Furthermore, the spectral sensitivity of these photopigments match the peak absorbance of the avian photoperiodic response ( λ max = 492 nm) and permits maximum photon capture within the restricted light environment of the hypothalamus. Such a correspondence argues strongly that VA opsin plays a key role in regulating seasonal reproduction in birds.

Photoperiodic Regulation of Reproduction in Vertebrates

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Nakane ◽  
Takashi Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Pars Tuberalis ◽  
Saccus Vasculosus ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Photoperiodic Regulation ◽  
Deep Brain Photoreceptors ◽  
Deep Brain

Organisms use changes in photoperiod for seasonal reproduction to maximize the survival of their offspring. Birds have sophisticated seasonal mechanisms and are therefore excellent models for studying these phenomena. Birds perceive light via deep-brain photoreceptors and long day–induced thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, thyrotropin) in the pars tuberalis of the pituitary gland (PT), which cause local thyroid hormone activation within the mediobasal hypothalamus. The local bioactive thyroid hormone controls seasonal gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion and subsequent gonadotropin secretion. In mammals, the eyes are believed to be the only photoreceptor organ, and nocturnal melatonin secretion triggers an endocrine signal that communicates information about the photoperiod to the PT to regulate TSH. In contrast, in Salmonidae fish the input pathway to the neuroendocrine output pathway appears to be localized in the saccus vasculosus. Thus, comparative analysis is an effective way to uncover the universality and diversity of fundamental traits in various organisms.

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