Oscillatory “Temporal Sampling” and Developmental Dyslexia: Towards an Over-Arching Theoretical Framework

2015 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Vera Helena Gomes Wielewicki ◽  
Elerson Cestaro Remundini

O presente artigo consiste numa análise das dezesseis matérias sobre dislexia publicadas nos três jornais de maior circulação do Brasil desde 2010, com intuito de verificar como a imprensa tende a abordar o distúrbio e, consequentemente, a que tipo de informações referentes a ele os leitores têm acesso. Este trabalho também teve por objetivo investigar se o conteúdo das matérias tem o potencial de esclarecer questões relacionadas à dislexia, promovendo, assim, uma divulgação responsável do tema. Esta iniciativa se justifica pela premissa de que informar sobre a dislexia é crucial para que a comunidade escolar (professores, alunos e pais) se torne cada vez mais apta a lidar com o problema. O arcabouço teórico desta pesquisa conta com contribuições de Behan (2001), Boder (1983) e Johnson & Myklebust (1983), dentre outros. Com elas foi confrontado o conteúdo das matérias dos jornais O Globo, Folha de São Paulo e O Estadão. Trata-se, portanto, de revisão bibliográfica aplicada para avaliar a acurácia e a relevância das matérias. Os resultados revelaram que, apesar de algumas divergências e pontos negativos, elas, em sua expressiva maioria, apresentam potencial de contribuição para o esclarecimento de questões concernentes à dislexia do desenvolvimento.Palavras-chave: Dislexia do Desenvolvimento; Matérias Jornalísticas; Informação. Developmental Dyslexia in the news: an analysis of newspaper articles about the disorder published in the three largest Brazilian newspapers between 2010 and 2017ABSTRACTThis study is an analysis of sixteen newspaper articles about dyslexia published in the three main Brazilian newspapers between 2010 and 2017, in order to verify how the press tends to approach the disorder and, consequently, what type of information is at the readers’ disposal. This research also aimed at investigating if the content conveyed by the sixteen articles is potentially capable of providing readers with awareness of important aspects of dyslexia, thus spreading information about the disorder in a responsible way. This work is based on the premise according to which providing the population with information on dyslexia is pivotal for enabling the school community (teachers, students and parents) to face the problem. The theoretical framework includes contributions by Behan (2001), Benton (1980) and Johnson & Myklebust (1983), among others. The content of the newspaper articles by O Globo, Folha de São Paulo and O Estadão was then set against the theoretical framework. It is, therefore, a bibliographic review applied in an evaluation of the accuracy and relevance of the articles’ content. The results point that, despite some mismatching and negative aspects, most of the articles present potential contribution for raising readers’ awareness of issues related to the disorder.Keywords: Developmental Dyslexia; Newspaper Articles; Information. La dislexia del desarrollo en las noticias: un análisis de las materias sobre el trastorno publicadas en los tres mayores diarios de Brasil entre 2010 y 2017.RESUMENEl presente artículo consiste en un análisis de las dieciséis materias sobre dislexia publicadas en los tres diarios de mayor circulación de Brasil desde 2010, con la intención de verificar cómo la prensa tiende a abordar el disturbio y, en consecuencia, a qué tipo de informaciones referentes a él los lectores tienen acceso. Este trabajo también tuvo como objetivo investigar si el contenido de las materias tiene el potencial de aclarar cuestiones relacionadas con la dislexia, promoviendo, así, una divulgación responsable del tema. Esta iniciativa se justifica por la premisa de que informar sobre la dislexia es crucial para que la comunidad escolar (profesores, alumnos y padres) se vuelva cada vez más apta a lidiar con el problema. La fundamentación teórica de esta investigación aporta contribuciones teóricas de Behan (2001), Boder (1983) y Johnson & Myklebust (1983), entre otros. Con ellas se confronto el contenido de los artículos de O Globo, Folha de São Paulo y Estadão. Se trata, por lo tanto, de una revisión bibliográfica aplicada para evaluar la precisión y la relevancia de las materias. Los resultados revelaron que, a pesar de algunas divergencias y puntos negativos, en su expresiva mayoría, presentan potencial de contribución para la aclaración de cuestiones concernientes a la dislexia del desarrollo. Palabras-claves: Dislexia del Desarrollo; Materias periodísticas; Información.


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrthe Faber

Abstract Gilead et al. state that abstraction supports mental travel, and that mental travel critically relies on abstraction. I propose an important addition to this theoretical framework, namely that mental travel might also support abstraction. Specifically, I argue that spontaneous mental travel (mind wandering), much like data augmentation in machine learning, provides variability in mental content and context necessary for abstraction.


Author(s):  
Manuel Perea ◽  
Victoria Panadero

The vast majority of neural and computational models of visual-word recognition assume that lexical access is achieved via the activation of abstract letter identities. Thus, a word’s overall shape should play no role in this process. In the present lexical decision experiment, we compared word-like pseudowords like viotín (same shape as its base word: violín) vs. viocín (different shape) in mature (college-aged skilled readers), immature (normally reading children), and immature/impaired (young readers with developmental dyslexia) word-recognition systems. Results revealed similar response times (and error rates) to consistent-shape and inconsistent-shape pseudowords for both adult skilled readers and normally reading children – this is consistent with current models of visual-word recognition. In contrast, young readers with developmental dyslexia made significantly more errors to viotín-like pseudowords than to viocín-like pseudowords. Thus, unlike normally reading children, young readers with developmental dyslexia are sensitive to a word’s visual cues, presumably because of poor letter representations.


2016 ◽  
Vol 224 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten M. Klingner ◽  
Stefan Brodoehl ◽  
Gerd F. Volk ◽  
Orlando Guntinas-Lichius ◽  
Otto W. Witte

Abstract. This paper reviews adaptive and maladaptive mechanisms of cortical plasticity in patients suffering from peripheral facial palsy. As the peripheral facial nerve is a pure motor nerve, a facial nerve lesion is causing an exclusive deefferentation without deafferentation. We focus on the question of how the investigation of pure deefferentation adds to our current understanding of brain plasticity which derives from studies on learning and studies on brain lesions. The importance of efference and afference as drivers for cortical plasticity is discussed in addition to the crossmodal influence of different competitive sensory inputs. We make the attempt to integrate the experimental findings of the effects of pure deefferentation within the theoretical framework of cortical responses and predictive coding. We show that the available experimental data can be explained within this theoretical framework which also clarifies the necessity for maladaptive plasticity. Finally, we propose rehabilitation approaches for directing cortical reorganization in the appropriate direction and highlight some challenging questions that are yet unexplored in the field.


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