Supplemental Material for Personality and Prosocial Behavior: A Theoretical Framework and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Framework

scholarly journals Personality and prosocial behavior: A theoretical framework and meta-analysis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Thielmann ◽  
Giuliana Spadaro ◽  
Daniel Balliet
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Framework

Personality and Prosocial Behavior: A Multilevel Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben Kline ◽  
Alexa Bankert ◽  
Lindsey Levitan ◽  
Patrick Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Multilevel Structure ◽  
Prosocial Tendencies ◽  
The Relationship

We investigate the effect of personality on prosocial behavior in a Bayesian multilevel meta-analysis (MLMA) of 15 published, interdisciplinary experimental studies. With data from the 15 studies constituting nearly 2500 individual observations, we find that the Big Five traits of Agreeableness and Openness are significantly and positively associated with prosocial behavior, while none of the other three traits are. These results are robust to a number of different model specifications and operationalizations of prosociality, and they greatly clarify the contradictory findings in the literature on the relationship between personality and prosocial behavior. Though previous research has indicated that incentivized experiments result in reduced prosocial behavior, we find no evidence that monetary incentivization of participants affects prosocial tendencies. By leveraging individual observations from multiple studies and explicitly modeling the multilevel structure of the data, MLMA permits the simultaneous estimation of study- and individual-level effects. The Bayesian approach allows us to estimate study-level effects in an unbiased and efficient manner, even with a relatively small number of studies. We conclude by discussing the limitations of our study and the advantages and disadvantages of the MLMA method.

scholarly journals PREPRINT Inspired to lend a hand? Attempts to elicit prosocial behavior through goal contagion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilmar Brohmer ◽  
Katja Corcoran ◽  
Gayannee Kedia ◽  
Lisa V. Eckerstorfer ◽  
Andreas Fauler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Stimulus Material ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Social Value Orientation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Short Video ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior

Helping often occurs in a broader social context. Every day, people observe others who require help, but also others who provide help. Research on goal contagion (Aarts, Gollwitzer & Hassin, 2004) suggests that observing other people’s goal-directed behavior (like helping) activates the same goal in the observer. Thus, merely observing a prosocial act could inspire people to act on the same goal. This effect should be even stronger, the more the observer’s disposition makes him or her value the goal. In the case of prosocial goals, we looked at the observer’s Social Value Orientation (SVO; van Lange et al., 1999) as a moderator of the process. In three studies (N = 126, N = 162 and N = 371), we tested the hypothesis that prosocial observations (vs. control) will trigger more subsequent prosocial behavior the more the observer is prosocially oriented. In line with the original research, we used texts as stimulus material in Study 1 and short video clips in Study 2 and 3. In Study 1 and 2, SVO was measured directly before the manipulation was induced and in Study 3 even a week prior to the actual experiment. Additionally, we included a second control condition video clip in Study 3, which did not depict human beings. Despite thoroughly developed stimulus material and methods, we found no support for an effect of the interaction, nor of the prosocial observation, but some support of SVO in Study 1 and 2. A mini meta-analysis revealed an effect equivalent to zero for goal contagion and a small, but robust SVO effect across studies. One implication for the theory of goal contagion is that prosocial goals might not be as contagious as other goals addressed in the literature. However, because SVO might not have been an optimal trait, other moderators for prosocial dispositions should be tested.

scholarly journals Main motivating factors which affect employee satisfaction: Case studies in DongNai province inspectorate

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (X2) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Thang Ngoc Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Employee Satisfaction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Good Relationship ◽  
Professional Environment ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to build a theoretical framework to explore some main motivating factors which affect employee satisfaction in DongNai Province Inspectorate. The researcher employs meta-analysis methods to utilise valuable findings from previous overseas and domestic studies. The proposed theoretical framework is based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (1943), ERG (1969), Kovach (1987), Public service motivation (1990). Simultaneously, there is a modification in order to fit into the context of DongNai Province Inspectorate. The suggested theoretical model indicates elements including promotion, social position, public serving, interesting work, good relationship and responsibilities. Employee satisfaction in DongNai Province Inspectorate is mostly affected by “interesting work”, because professional environment makes people feel secure to work in an organization. The impact of other factors is in a descending order as follows: promotion, public serving, social position, responsibilities and good relationship.

scholarly journals A meta-analysis of prosocial media on prosocial behavior, aggression, and empathic concern: A multidimensional approach.

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Coyne ◽  
Laura M. Padilla-Walker ◽  
Hailey G. Holmgren ◽  
Emilie J. Davis ◽  
Kevin M. Collier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Multidimensional Approach

Sex Differences Concerning Prosocial Behavior in Social Dilemmas Are (Partially) Mediated by Risk Preferences But Not Social Preferences

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Angela R. Dorrough ◽  
Andreas Glöckner
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Social Dilemmas ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Null Effect ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. Previous results on the prosociality of men and women in social dilemmas are mixed. Studies find more prosocial behavior for men and women; and a meta-analysis ( Balliet et al., 2011 ) reports an overall null effect. Including samples ( N = 1,903) from 10 countries that vary concerning gender inequality (e.g., China, Colombia, Sweden), we investigated sex differences in social dilemmas and drivers of these potential differences. We found that men behaved more prosocially, in that they transferred more of their endowment to their interaction partner. This sex difference was descriptively observed for all countries and was partially mediated by differences in risk but not social preferences. Gender inequality did not predict the difference in magnitude of sex differences between countries.

scholarly journals A Framework to Assess the Quality of Non-traditional Articles in the Field of Disaster Response and Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
Mary Hall ◽  
Chris Cartwright ◽  
Andrew C. K. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Quality Of Reporting ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractObjectiveWhile carrying out a scoping review of earthquake response, we found that there is no universal standardized approach for assessing the quality of disaster evidence, much of which is variable or not peer reviewed. With the lack of a framework to ascertain the value and validity of this literature, there is a danger that valuable insights may be lost. We propose a theoretical framework that may, with further validation, address this gap.MethodsExisting frameworks – quality of reporting of meta-analyses (QUORUM), meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE), the Cochrane assessment of bias, Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklists, strengthening the reporting of observation studies in epidemiology (STROBE), and consensus guidelines on reports of field interventions in disasters and emergencies (CONFIDE)–were analyzed to identify key domains of quality. Supporting statements, based on these existing frameworks were developed for each domain to form an overall theoretical framework of quality. This was piloted on a data set of publications from a separate scoping review.ResultsFour domains of quality were identified: robustness, generalizability, added value, and ethics with 11 scored, supporting statements. Although 73 out of 111 papers (66%) scored below 70%, a sizeable portion (34%) scored higher.ConclusionOur theoretical framework presents, for debate and further validation, a method of assessing the quality of non-traditional studies and thus supporting the best available evidence approach to disaster response. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:147–151)

Response to Critique of Meta-Analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-289
Author(s):  
Ray Hembree
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Research Integration

Criticisms by Goldin (1992) of my report on problem solving (Hembree. 1992) relate to five areas structured as follows: (a) general skepticism regarding research integration by meta-analysis, (b) lack of a theoretical framework, (c) perceived violations of meta-analytic assumptions, (d) perceptions of questionable study conclusions, and (e) possible misuses of findings. This structure seems highly appropriate; I have retained it in my response. Following those specifics, I shall offer general views on the value of Goldin's critique.

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