scholarly journals Socio-Technical Changes for Sustainable Rice Production: Rice Husk Amendment, Conservation Irrigation, and System Changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin R. K. Runkle ◽  
Angelia L. Seyfferth ◽  
Matthew C. Reid ◽  
Matthew A. Limmer ◽  
Beatriz Moreno-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Field Production

Rice is a staple food and primary source of calories for much of the world. However, rice can be a dietary source of toxic metal(loid)s to humans, and its cultivation creates atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions and requires high water use. Because rice production consumes a significant amount of natural resources and is a large part of the global agricultural economy, increasing its sustainability could have substantial societal benefits. There are opportunities for more sustainable field production through a combination of silicon (Si) management and conservation irrigation practices. As a Si-rich soil amendment, rice husks can limit arsenic and cadmium uptake, while also providing plant vigor in drier soil conditions. Thus, husk addition and conservation irrigation may be more effective to attenuate the accumulation of toxic metal(loid)s, manage water usage and lower climate impacts when implemented together than when either is implemented separately. This modified field production system would take advantage of rice husks, which are an underutilized by-product of milled rice that is widely available near rice farm sites, and have ~10% Si content. Husk application could, alongside alternate wetting and drying or furrow irrigation management, help resolve multiple sustainability challenges in rice production: (1) limit arsenic and cadmium accumulation in rice; (2) minimize greenhouse gas emissions from rice production; (3) decrease irrigation water use; (4) improve nutrient use efficiency; (5) utilize a waste product of rice processing; and (6) maintain plant-accessible soil Si levels. This review presents the scientific basis for a shift in rice production practices and considers complementary rice breeding efforts. It then examines socio-technical considerations for how such a shift in production practices could be implemented by farmers and millers together and may bring rice production closer to a bio-circular economy. This paper's purpose is to advocate for a changed rice production method for consideration by community stakeholders, including producers, millers, breeders, extension specialists, supply chain organizations, and consumers, while highlighting remaining research and implementation questions.

scholarly journals Applying multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) to optimize the energy inputs and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in wetland rice production

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2988-2998
Author(s):  
Suha Elsoragaby ◽  
Azmi Yahya ◽  
Muhammad Razif Mahadi ◽  
Nazmi Mat Nawi ◽  
Modather Mairghany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Wetland Rice ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Energy Inputs

Vulnerable Regions in a Changing Climate

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Leichenko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Planetary Systems ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Changing Climate

Economic geographers have made important contributions to the understanding of many facets of climate change, yet the field has had relatively limited engagement with the study of climate impacts, vulnerabilities, and adaptation. Instead, most work on the economic consequences of climate disruption is being done by researchers in other disciplines or in other subfields of geography. This chapter argues that broad recognition of humanity’s role in shaping Earth’s planetary systems, combined with new hope and opportunity engendered by the 2015 Paris Agreement on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, present a pivotal moment for economic geographers to take a more central role in the study of climate change and in broader, interdisciplinary conversations about the meaning and implications of the Anthropocene.

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions, water use, and grain arsenic levels in rice systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Linquist ◽  
Merle M. Anders ◽  
Maria Arlene A. Adviento-Borbe ◽  
Rufus L. Chaney ◽  
L. Lanier Nalley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Gas Emissions

scholarly journals Cleaner Production Technologies Increased Economic Benefits and Greenhouse Gas Intensity in an Eco-Rice System in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7090
Author(s):  
Bo Yang ◽  
Yuchun Ma ◽  
Chunxue Zhang ◽  
Yufei Jia ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Drainage Ditches ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Prime Concern ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Intensity

The sustainability of intensification of rice production is a prime concern for China. Application of organic amendments, changes in crop rotation system, ducklings’ introduction, and construction of vegetated drainage ditches are some of the original management strategies to mitigate environmental pollution from paddy fields. Although these practices affect the rice culturing system through different mechanisms, there is limited investigation on their effectiveness on nutrient pollution alleviation. Therefore, a field study was carried out with the assessment of soil physico-chemical properties, greenhouse gas emissions, nitrogen removal efficiency, grain yield, and economic benefits by comparing the eco-rice culturing system (ER) to the local single rice cultivation system (CK). Results showed that the ER system can significantly improve soil fertility by increasing the pH in acidic soil, organic matter, total nitrogen (TN), and available potassium (K) content by 5.2%, 25.7%, 19.1%, and 19.4% in relation to CK, respectively. Meanwhile, about 10% of the total fertilizer N was removed from the harvesting of the plant species (Myriophyllum elatinoides and Pennisetum purpureum) in the vegetated drainage ditches. However, the ER system decreased the plant height (1.1%) and the number of tillers (9.6%), resulting in a reduction of the total grain yield (6.0%). Moreover, compared with the CK system, the ER system increased CH4 cumulative emission, global warming potential (GWP), and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) by 11.1%, 8.1%, and 14.3%, respectively, and decreased N2O by 27.2%, but not statistical significantly (p < 0.05). Even so, by taking the costs of farm operations and carbon costs of greenhouse gas emissions, the net economic benefits by applying the ER system were higher relative to the CK system. Thus, our study provides further understanding of the technology which has the potential to transform sustainable rice production to a more profitable, income generating, and environmentally friendly industry in China.

Projected Climate Impacts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Romm
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Science Projects ◽  
Global Action ◽  
Business As Usual

This chapter will discuss what climate science projects will happen this century. The focus will be on the so-called business-as-usual case, which assumes no significant global action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions trends in the foreseeable future. The primary source will be the latest scientific...

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