scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Secretome: New Therapeutic Perspectives for Skeletal Muscle Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Sandonà ◽  
Lorena Di Pietro ◽  
Federica Esposito ◽  
Alessia Ventura ◽  
Antonietta Rosa Silini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Muscular Diseases

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells found in different tissues: bone marrow, peripheral blood, adipose tissues, skeletal muscle, perinatal tissues, and dental pulp. MSCs are able to self-renew and to differentiate into multiple lineages, and they have been extensively used for cell therapy mostly owing to their anti-fibrotic and immunoregulatory properties that have been suggested to be at the basis for their regenerative capability. MSCs exert their effects by releasing a variety of biologically active molecules such as growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines, either as soluble proteins or enclosed in extracellular vesicles (EVs). Analyses of MSC-derived secretome and in particular studies on EVs are attracting great attention from a medical point of view due to their ability to mimic all the therapeutic effects produced by the MSCs (i.e., endogenous tissue repair and regulation of the immune system). MSC-EVs could be advantageous compared with the parental cells because of their specific cargo containing mRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins that can be biologically transferred to recipient cells. MSC-EV storage, transfer, and production are easier; and their administration is also safer than MSC therapy. The skeletal muscle is a very adaptive tissue, but its regenerative potential is altered during acute and chronic conditions. Recent works demonstrate that both MSCs and their secretome are able to help myofiber regeneration enhancing myogenesis and, interestingly, can be manipulated as a novel strategy for therapeutic interventions in muscular diseases like muscular dystrophies or atrophy. In particular, MSC-EVs represent promising candidates for cell free-based muscle regeneration. In this review, we aim to give a complete picture of the therapeutic properties and advantages of MSCs and their products (MSC-derived EVs and secreted factors) relevant for skeletal muscle regeneration in main muscular diseases.

The Myogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Effect on Skeletal Muscle Regeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-465
Author(s):  
O. N. Sheveleva ◽  
O. V. Payushina ◽  
N. N. Butorina ◽  
E. I. Domaratskaya
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Myogenic Potential

Long-Term Contribution of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in Mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anabel S. De La Garza-Rodea ◽  
Ietje Van Der Velde ◽  
Hester Boersma ◽  
Manuel A. F. V. Gonçalves ◽  
Dirk W. Van Bekkum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Human Bone Marrow ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration

scholarly journals Beneficial Effect of IL-4 and SDF-1 on Myogenic Potential of Mouse and Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1479
Author(s):  
Karolina Archacka ◽  
Joanna Bem ◽  
Edyta Brzoska ◽  
Areta M. Czerwinska ◽  
Iwona Grabowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
The Impact

Under physiological conditions skeletal muscle regeneration depends on the satellite cells. After injury these cells become activated, proliferate, and differentiate into myofibers reconstructing damaged tissue. Under pathological conditions satellite cells are not sufficient to support regeneration. For this reason, other cells are sought to be used in cell therapies, and different factors are tested as a tool to improve the regenerative potential of such cells. Many studies are conducted using animal cells, omitting the necessity to learn about human cells and compare them to animal ones. Here, we analyze and compare the impact of IL-4 and SDF-1, factors chosen by us on the basis of their ability to support myogenic differentiation and cell migration, at mouse and human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs). Importantly, we documented that mouse and human ADSCs differ in certain reactions to IL-4 and SDF-1. In general, the selected factors impacted transcriptome of ADSCs and improved migration and fusion ability of cells in vitro. In vivo, after transplantation into injured muscles, mouse ADSCs more eagerly participated in new myofiber formation than the human ones. However, regardless of the origin, ADSCs alleviated immune response and supported muscle reconstruction, and cytokine treatment enhanced these effects. Thus, we documented that the presence of ADSCs improves skeletal muscle regeneration and this influence could be increased by cell pretreatment with IL-4 and SDF-1.

scholarly journals Role of trophic factors in development and regeneration of skeletal muscles

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 6348-2019
Author(s):  
ANNA CIECIERSKA ◽  
TOMASZ SADKOWSKI ◽  
TOMASZ MOTYL
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Trophic Factors ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

The process of skeletal muscle development is regulated by many biologically active factors, which are responsible for stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of muscle cells. Biologically active factors function in paracrine, autocrine and endocrine manner to control myogenesis. The main regulators include hormones, growth and differentiation factors, as well as cytokines. The process of skeletal muscle regeneration associated with the activation of satellite cells for their proliferation and differentiation requires the involvement of many growth factors secreted by the surrounding tissue, including inflammatory cells, blood vessels and damaged muscle fiber, as well as extracellular matrix. A number of trophic factors regulating the activity of satellite cells during muscle regeneration have been identified, e.g. fibroblast growth factors, transforming growth factors-β, insulin-like growth factors, hepatocyte growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6. These factors are responsible for maintaining a balance between the processes of proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells in order to restore the proper architecture and functioning of muscle tissue.

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