scholarly journals Diagnostic Performance of Various Methodologies for Group B Streptococcus Screening in Pregnant Woman in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kankan Gao ◽  
Qiulian Deng ◽  
Lianfen Huang ◽  
Chien-Yi Chang ◽  
Huamin Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Blood Agar Plate ◽  
Chromogenic Agar ◽  
Group B ◽  
Detection Reagent

Maternal vaginal/rectal colonization of group B streptococcus (GBS) is a main risk for neonatal invasive infection. Efficient determination of GBS colonization in pregnant women is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of GBS carriage and evaluate the diagnostic performance of six methodologies for GBS screening conducted in China, including blood agar plate, liquid chromogenic medium, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) without pre-enrichment, chromogenic agar plate with pre-enrichment, and GBS antigen detection without and with pre-enrichment in comparison with the standard reference method (Lim broth-enriched subculture with plating on 5% sheep blood agar). Vaginal/rectal swabs were collected from 1,281 pregnant women at 35–37 weeks of gestation. Of them, 309 were taken in triplicate, one for Lim broth-enriched subculture, one for blood agar plate, and the third for GBS antigen detection (Reagent W); 177 were acquired in duplicate, one for Lim broth-enriched subculture and the other for GBS antigen detection (Reagent H); 502 were obtained in duplicate, one for Lim broth-enriched subculture and the other for liquid chromogenic medium; 158 were collected in duplicate, one for Lim broth-enriched subculture and the other for LAMP; and 135 were inoculated in Lim broth-enriched for GBS antigen detection (Reagent W) and subculture with chromogenic agar plate and 5% blood agar plate. The overall prevalence of GBS carriage was 10.1% (130/1,281, 95% CI: 8.5–12.1%) according to the standard reference method. Compared with the standard reference method, the LAMP had excellent performance of sensitivity (100%, 95%CI: 83.4–100%), specificity (94%, 95%CI: 88.1–97.1%), and Yoden index (0.940); as well as the blood agar plate with sensitivity (81.5%, 95%CI: 61.3–93.0%), specificity (100%, 95%CI: 98.3–100.0%), and Yoden index (0.815). The other four methods were not sufficient to reach the threshold in terms of sensitivity or specificity compared to the standard reference method. Furthermore, for LAMP, results can be obtained within 0.5–1 h, while for blood agar plate, which needed 24–48 h, and further identification was required. Our data suggested that the performance of LAMP was highly comparable to the standard Lim broth-enriched subculture and LAMP is considered as an alternative for fast and accurate GBS screening.

scholarly journals An initial survey on the prevalence of group B Streptococcus (GBS) among Yemeni pregnant women.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Hasan AL-Subol ◽  
Maha Abdul-Aziz ◽  
Abdullah A. Almikhlafy ◽  
Talal Y Alqahtani
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Blood Agar Plate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Enrichment Broth ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: Neonatal infection with group B Streptococcus (GBS) is still a threat to the life of fetus and mother, especially in developing countries that do not adopt a prenatal screening test policy such as Yemen. Objective: This study aimed to determine the vaginal colonization rates and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of group B Streptococcus among pregnant Yemeni women. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study over a four-month period involved 210 pregnant women who visited Gaza medical center (a primary health center in Sana’a city, Yemen) at the 35th to 39th gestational weeks. A vaginal swab from each pregnant woman was inoculated in Todd-Hewitt enrichment broth and after 24h incubation; the subculture on a 5% human blood agar plate was performed from inoculated Todd-Hewitt enrichment broth. All positive cultures identified as group B streptococcus were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test using the disk-diffusion method. Results: Out of 210 recruited pregnant women, 23 (10.95%) were GBS vaginal carriers. All isolates showed no resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, levofloxacin, cefotaxime, and vancomycin. However, we observed decreased sensitivity to clindamycin (82.8%) and tetracycline (30.5%). Conclusion: Based on the study results; approximately eleven out of every 100 pregnant women were vaginal colonized by GBS in Sana'a governorate. Beta-lactam antibiotics remain the drug of choice for treatment and prophylaxis of GBS infections. Therefore, we recommend implementing a screening policy to detect GBS in Yemeni pregnant women.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Chlorhexidine and Herbal Mouthwash as a Preprocedural Rinse in Reducing Dental Aerosols: A Microbiological Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Umesh Nayak ◽  
Anushka Kumari ◽  
Valliammai Rajendran ◽  
Vijendra Pal Singh ◽  
Ashwini Hegde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agar Plate ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Blood Agar Plate ◽  
Study Patient ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Mouth Rinses ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Post Hoc

Objective. The risk to dentists, assistants, and patients of infectious diseases through aerosols has long been recognized. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of commercially available preprocedural mouth rinses containing 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate, Befresh™ herbal mouthwash, and water in reducing the levels of viable bacteria in aerosols. Materials & Methods. This was a single-center, double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized, three-group parallel design study. 30 patients (10 patients in each group) were recruited in the study. Patient rinsed mouth with 10 ml of CHX, 10 ml Befresh™, or 10 ml water. All the patients underwent supragingival ultrasonic scaling for a minimum of 30 min. The aerosol collection was done using a blood agar plate. The blood agar plates were kept approximately 12 inches from the patient’s mouth. The microbial culture was analyzed. The colony-forming unit (CFU) counting in all three groups was assessed using one-way ANOVA test to compare among the groups (p value <0.001). The intergroup comparison was done using the post hoc Tukey test. Result. There was a marked reduction in the CFU in the CHX group in all three areas. This was followed by Befresh™ (Sagar Pharmaceuticals) mouthwash. There was no reduction in the CFU of the water group. Conclusion. This study proves that a regular preprocedural mouth rinse could significantly reduce the majority bacteria present in aerosols generated by the use of an ultrasonic unit, and Befresh™ mouth rinse was found to be equally effective in reducing the aerosol contamination to 0.2% CHX gluconate.

Traumatic Neonatal Lumbar Punctures: Experience at a Large Pediatric Tertiary Care Center in Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (08) ◽  
pp. 764-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Kollmann ◽  
Adela Matettore
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
High Power Field ◽  
Diagnostic Difficulties ◽  
Group B

Objective Contamination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by blood during neonatal lumbar puncture (LP) is common and poses diagnostic difficulties. Our objectives were to determine the number of traumatic LPs performed at the BC Children's Hospital over 9 years and whether there was an association between traumatic LPs and demographic variables, hospital location, or time of the procedure. Study Design This study was a retrospective review of neonatal CSF samples from May 2006 to March 2015. The data were analyzed to establish the rate of traumatic samples and whether there was an association between traumatic LPs and demographic variables (age, gender), location of procedure, positive CSF culture, and/or timing of the procedure. Results A total of 1,263 LPs were reviewed, 47.7% (n = 602) were contaminated with >400 red blood cells/high-power field. The median age of neonates whose samples were uncontaminated was 10.580 days compared with 6.535 days in the group with contaminated samples (z =  − 2.884, p = 0.004). None of the other factors studied was associated with traumatic taps. Detected organisms included Escherichia coli (n = 12), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (n = 7), Enterococcus faecalis (n = 3), and group B Streptococcus (n = 2). Conclusion Nearly half of all CSF samples in the study period were contaminated. Traumatic samples were more common in younger neonates.

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