scholarly journals Arylmalonate Decarboxylase—A Versatile Biocatalyst for the Synthesis of Optically Pure Carboxylic Acids

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna K. Schweiger ◽  
Kenji Miyamoto ◽  
Robert Kourist
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Unknown Function ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
And Function ◽  
Optically Pure ◽  
Arylmalonate Decarboxylase ◽  
Substrate Spectrum

Bacterial arylmalonate decarboxylase (AMDase) is an intriguing cofactor-independent enzyme with a broad substrate spectrum. Particularly, the highly stereoselective transformation of diverse arylmalonic acids into the corresponding chiral α-arylpropionates has contributed to the broad recognition of this biocatalyst. While, more than 30 years after its discovery, the native substrate and function of AMDase still remain undiscovered, contributions from multiple fields have ever since brought forth a powerful collection of AMDase variants to access a wide variety of optically pure α-substituted propionates. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the development of AMDase from an enzyme with unknown function up to a powerful tailored biocatalyst for the synthesis of industrially relevant optically pure α-arylpropionates. Historical perspectives as well as recent achievements in the field will be covered within this work.

Form and function of eukaryotic unstable non-coding RNAs

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 836-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Houseley
Keyword(s):  
Unknown Function ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Rna Degradation ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Higher Eukaryotes ◽  
And Function

Unstable non-coding RNAs are produced from thousands of loci in all studied eukaryotes (and also prokaryotes), but remain of largely unknown function. The present review summarizes the mechanisms of eukaryotic non-coding RNA degradation and highlights recent findings regarding function. The focus is primarily on budding yeast where the bulk of this research has been performed, but includes results from higher eukaryotes where available.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Comparison and Splicing Analysis of the U1 snRNP-specific Protein U1C in Eukaryotes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Lu Zhang ◽  
Jian-Li Zhou ◽  
Jing-Fang Yang ◽  
Yu-Zhen Zhao ◽  
Debatosh Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein ◽  
U1 Snrnp ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
And Function

As a pivotal regulator of 5’ splice site recognition, U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (U1 snRNP)-specific protein C (U1C) regulates pre-mRNA splicing by interacting with other components of the U1 snRNP complex. Previous studies have shown that U1 snRNP and its components are linked to a variety of diseases, including cancer. However, the phylogenetic relationships and expression profiles of U1C have not been studied systematically. To this end, we identified a total of 110 animal U1C genes and compared them to homologues from yeast and plants. Bioinformatics analysis shows that the structure and function of U1C proteins is relatively conserved and is found in multiple copies in a few members of the U1C gene family. Furthermore, the expression patterns reveal that U1Cs have potential roles in cancer progression and human development. In summary, our study presents a comprehensive overview of the animal U1C gene family, which can provide fundamental data and potential cues for further research in deciphering the molecular function of this splicing regulator.

Framing constructicography

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans C. Boas ◽  
Benjamin Lyngfelt ◽  
Tiago Timponi Torrent
Keyword(s):  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Frame Semantics ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Computational Resources

Abstract Constructicography can be defined as a blend between Construction Grammar and Practical Lexicography, which aims at developing constructicons: repositories of form and function pairings in a language. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of this emerging field by (i) tracking the origins of both Frame Semantics and Construction Grammar and the repercussions of their intertwined developments to Computational Lexicography and Constructicography; (ii) comparing the impacts of the different degrees of interconnection between constructicons and framenets and (iii) discussing the possible applications of these resources. Also, we argue that Constructicography, while obviously building on the accumulated knowledge compiled by numerous Construction Grammar approaches to language, also contributes to its mother theory, since the effort to build coherent formalized computational resources forces constructionist analysis to go beyond describing families of constructions into the enterprise of describing a coherent construction grammar of a language.

scholarly journals Optically Pure Aziridin-2-yl Methanols as Readily Available 1H NMR Sensors for Enantiodiscrimination of α-Racemic Carboxylic Acids Containing Tertiary or Quaternary Stereogenic Centers

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (18) ◽  
pp. 11794-11801
Author(s):  
Martyna Malinowska ◽  
Szymon Jarzyński ◽  
Adam Pieczonka ◽  
Michał Rachwalski ◽  
Stanisław Leśniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Stereogenic Centers ◽  
Optically Pure ◽  
Quaternary Stereogenic Centers

Arylmalonate Decarboxylase-Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of Optically Pure Flurbiprofen

ChemCatChem ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 916-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Katharina Gaßmeyer ◽  
Jasmin Wetzig ◽  
Carolin Mügge ◽  
Miriam Assmann ◽  
Junichi Enoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Synthesis ◽  
Optically Pure ◽  
Arylmalonate Decarboxylase

New Synthesis of Optically Pure α-Branched Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids from Amidines

Synthesis ◽  
2004 ◽  
pp. 1041-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Erba ◽  
Flavio Cassani ◽  
Giuseppe Celentano ◽  
Donato Pocar
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Optically Pure

Hydrogen bonding in enantiomeric versus racemic mono-carboxylic acids; a case study of 2-phenoxypropionic acid

2003 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Osholm Sørensen ◽  
Sine Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Crystal Packing ◽  
Cyclic Dimer ◽  
Optically Pure ◽  
Pure Enantiomer ◽  
Hydrogen Bonded

The structural and thermodynamic backgrounds for the crystallization behaviour of racemates have been investigated using 2-phenoxypropionic acid (PPA) as an example. The racemate of PPA behaves normally and forms a racemic compound that has a higher melting point and is denser than the enantiomer. Low-temperature crystal structures of the pure enantiomer, the enantiomer cocrystallized with n-alkanes and the racemic acid showed that hydrogen-bonded dimers that form over crystallographic symmetry elements exist in all but the structure of the pure enantiomer. A database search for optically pure chiral mono-carboxylic acids revealed that the hydrogen-bonded cyclic dimer is the most prevalent hydrogen-bond motif in chiral mono-carboxylic acids. The conformation of PPA depends on the hydrogen-bond motif; the antiplanar conformation relative to the ether group is associated with a catemer hydrogen-bonding motif, whereas the more abundant synplanar conformation is found in crystals that contain cyclic dimers. Other intermolecular interactions that involve the substituent of the carboxylic group were identified in the crystals that contain the cyclic dimer. This result shows how important the nature of the substituent is for the crystal packing. The differences in crystal packing have been related to differences in melting enthalpy and entropy between the racemic and enantiomeric acids. In a comparison with the equivalent 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-propionic acids, the differences between the crystal structures of the chloro and the unsubstituted acid have been identified and related to thermodynamic data.

scholarly journals Th17 Cells in Immunity and Autoimmunity

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Kennedy Bedoya ◽  
Brandon Lam ◽  
Kenneth Lau ◽  
Joseph Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Type I ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Disease Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
And Function

Th17 and IL-17 play important roles in the clearance of extracellular bacterial and fungal infections. However, strong evidence also implicates the Th17 lineage in several autoimmune disorders including multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and asthma. The Th17 subset has also been connected with type I diabetes, although whether it plays a role in the pathogenicity of or protection from the disease remains a controversial issue. In this review we have provided a comprehensive overview of Th17 pathogenicity and function, including novel evidence for a protective role of Th17 cells in conjunction with the microbiota gut flora in T1D onset and progression.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document