scholarly journals An Update on Obstructive Sleep Apnea for Atherosclerosis: Mechanism, Diagnosis, and Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Chen ◽  
Shu Lin ◽  
Yiming Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Mandibular Advancement ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

The occurrence and development of atherosclerosis could be influenced by intermittent hypoxia. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by intermittent hypoxia, is world-wide prevalence with increasing morbidity and mortality rates. Researches remain focused on the study of its mechanism and improvement of diagnosis and treatment. However, the underlying mechanism is complex, and the best practice for OSA diagnosis and treatment considering atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases is still debatable. In this review, we provided an update on research in OSA in the last 5 years with regard to atherosclerosis. The processes of inflammation, oxidative stress, autonomic nervous system activation, vascular dysfunction, platelet activation, metabolite dysfunction, small molecule RNA regulation, and the cardioprotective occurrence was discussed. Additionally, improved diagnosis such as, the utilized of portable device, and treatment especially with inconsistent results in continuous positive airway pressure and mandibular advancement devices were illustrated in detail. Therefore, further fundamental and clinical research should be carried out for a better understanding the deep interaction between OSA and atherosclerosis, as well as the suggestion of newer diagnostic and treatment options.

scholarly journals Roles and Mechanisms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome and Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia in Atherosclerosis: Evidence and Prospective

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linqin Ma ◽  
Jingchun Zhang ◽  
Yue Liu
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Endothelial Injury ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Hypopnea Syndrome

The morbidity and mortality of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) are regarded as consequences of its adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) induced by OSAHS can result in vascular endothelial injury, thus promoting development of atherosclerosis (AS). Studies have shown that CIH is an independent risk factor for the occurrence and development of AS, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we review clinical and fundamental studies reported during the last 10 years on the occurrence and development of AS mediated by CIH, focusing on inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, cell apoptosis, vascular endothelial injury, platelet activation, and neuroendocrine disorders. This review will offer current evidence and perspective to researchers for the development of effective intervention strategies for OSAHS-related cardiocerebrovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Continuous Positive Airway Pressure-Mandibular Advancement Device Combination Therapy for Moderate-to-Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thyagaseely Sheela Premaraj ◽  
Jacob Stadiem ◽  
Shyamaly Arya Premaraj ◽  
Charles R. Davies ◽  
Matthew Dennis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Mandibular Advancement Device ◽  
Mandibular Advancement ◽  
Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether compliance to auto-adjusting positive airway pressure (APAP) improves with the addition of a mandibular advancement device (MAD). Secondary outcome measures included were APAP pressure, subjective daytime sleepiness, apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), and mask leaks. Setting and Sample Population Participants included were diagnosed with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and became noncompliant to prescribed APAP. Thirteen participants with a mean age of 61.6 years were recruited for this study. Materials and Methods All participants were given a MAD to use with their APAP. Parameters measured included APAP pressure, AHI, mask leak reported via ResMed AirViewTM software, and self-reported daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS]). A paired two-sample for mean t-test was performed to determine significance. Results The mean difference of pre- and postintervention APAP compliance was 23.1%, which was statistically significant (p = 0.015). The mean APAP air pressures were unchanged. The difference between pre- and postintervention mean ESS scores was 1.4 and was statistically significant (p = 0.027). The mean difference between pre- and postintervention AHI values and mask leak showed no significant difference. Conclusion This study showed that combination of APAP-MAD therapy, for patients with moderate-to-severe OSA who were noncompliant to APAP use, significantly increased compliance with APAP therapy, and significantly decreased the daytime sleepiness of participants.

Effect of mandibular advancement splint treatment on tongue shape in obstructive sleep apnea

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 857-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Ogawa ◽  
Jianlan Long ◽  
Kate Sutherland ◽  
Andrew S. L. Chan ◽  
Keiichi Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Mandibular Advancement ◽  
Mandibular Advancement Splint ◽  
Obstructive Sleep
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document