scholarly journals Free and Immobilized Microbial Culture–Mediated Crude Oil Degradation and Microbial Diversity Changes Through Taxonomic and Functional Markers in a Sandy Loam Soil

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Khandelwal ◽  
Ramya Sugavanam ◽  
B. Ramakrishnan ◽  
Anirban Dutta ◽  
Eldho Varghese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Loam Soil

Crude oil contamination of soil and water resources is a widespread issue. The present study evaluated the degradation of aliphatic hydrocarbons (C11–C36) in crude oil by 17 bacteria isolated from a crude oil–contaminated soil. The results suggested that Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were the best hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in the presence of surfactant Tween-80 (0.1% w/v). Based on the present investigation and a previous study, Pseudomonas sp. + B. amyloliquefaciens and fungus Aspergillus sydowii were identified as best oil degraders and were immobilized in alginate–bentonite beads, guargum–nanobenonite water dispersible granules (WDGs), and carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC)–bentonite composite. Sandy loam soil was fortified with 1, 2, and 5% crude oil, and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation efficiency of free cultures and bio-formulations was evaluated in sandy loam soils. Compared to a half-life (t1/2) of 69.7 days in the control soil (1% oil), free cultures of Pseudomonas sp. + B. amyloliquefaciens and A. sydowii degraded TPH with t1/2 of 10.8 and 19.4 days, respectively. Increasing the oil content slowed down degradation, and the t1/2 in the control and soils inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. + B. amyloliquefaciens and A. sydowii was 72.9, 14.7, and 22.2 days (2%) and 87.0, 23.4, and 30.8 days (5%), respectively. Supplementing soil with ammonium sulfate (1%) enhanced TPH degradation by Pseudomonas sp. + B. amyloliquefaciens (t1/2–10 days) and A. sydowii (t1/2–12.7 days). All three bio-formulations were effective in degrading TPH (1%), and the t1/2 was 10.7–11.9 days (Pseudomonas sp. + B. amyloliquefaciens and 14–20.2 days (A. sydowii) and were at par with free cultures. Microbial diversity analysis based on taxonomic markers and functional markers suggested that the bioaugmentation process helped keep soil in the active stage and restored the original microbial population to some extent. The present study concluded that bio-formulations of crude oil–degrading microbes can be exploited for its degradation in the contaminated environment.

scholarly journals Changes in soil microbial respiration and physicochemical properties following bonny light crude oil contamination of sandy loam soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
C.N. Eze ◽  
P.I. Orjiakor ◽  
U.J. Ebeifenadi
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Light Crude Oil ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Crude Oil Contamination ◽  
Loam Soil

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Bonny light crude oil contamination of sandy loam soil on aspects of microbial metabolism and physicochemical properties of the soil. Bonny light crude oil (specific gravity = 0.81) was used at eight different levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 10.0%, 15.0% or 20.0% v/w of soil) for the controlled pollution of pristine soil samples, each weighing 1 kg. The experiment lasted for eightweeks. Results of the effects of crude oil on the physicochemical properties of the soil showed that high levels of the oil significantly (p< 0.05) increased soil organic matter but had no significant effect on the pH and moisture content. With the exception of organic carbon, the levels of bioavailable nitrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur and phosphorus in the test samples with higher levels of crude oil (5.0%, 10.0%, 15.0% and 20.0%) were significantly reduced when compared to their levels in the controls. Similarly, higher levels of the oil significantly (p<0.05) reduced soil microbial phospholipid synthesis and CO emission. 2 Correlation analysis using the Pearson's correlation model showed a positive correlation between soil CO and 2 phospholipid (r = 0.74). Keywords: Contamination, Crude oil, Microbial respiration, Physicochemical properties.

Emissions of nitrous oxide and nitric oxide associated with the decomposition of arable crop residues on a sandy loam soil in Eastern England

Agronomie ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Harrison ◽  
Sharon Ellis ◽  
Roy Cross ◽  
James Harrison Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Arable Crop ◽  
Loam Soil

INFLUENCE OF UNCONVENTIONAL FERTILIZERS ON MICROBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SODDY-PODZOLY SANDY SOIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Leonova ◽  
◽  
T.A. Spasskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Coffee Waste ◽  
Loam Soil

The change in the microbiological activity of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil when using coffee waste and sewage sludge as a fertilizer for oats in comparison with traditional fertilizers is considered. During the study, it was determined that the predominant groups were bacteria and actinomycetes. Bacilli and fungi are few in number. The introduction of sewage sludge and coffee waste into the sod-podzolic sandy loam soil at a dose of 10 t / ha increases the activity of the microflora of the sod-podzolic sandy loam soil, which increases the effective and potential fertility.

Chloride and Lithium Transport in Large Arrays of Undisturbed Silt Loam and Sandy Loam Soil Columns

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
M. Saleem Akhtar ◽  
Tammo S. Steenhuis ◽  
Brian K. Richards ◽  
Murray B. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Lithium Transport ◽  
Loam Soil

scholarly journals A Modified Pressure–Sinkage Model for Studying the Effect of a Hard Layer in Sandy Loam Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5499
Author(s):  
Nihal D. Salman ◽  
György Pillinger ◽  
Muammel M. Hanon ◽  
Péter Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Soil Thickness ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Hard Layer ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
New Perspective

The applicability of the typical pressure–sinkage models used to characterize the soil’s bearing properties is limited to homogeneous soils (infinite thickness) that have no hard layer. At a given depth, a hard layer can have a considerable impact on the soil’s load-bearing capacity. It is thus necessary to alter the pressure–sinkage equation by taking this condition into account when assessing the load-bearing capacity. The present paper aims to determine a simple, high-fidelity model, in terms of soil characterization, that can account for the hard layer affection. To assess hard layer affection in this paper, a plate sinkage test (bevameter) was conducted on sandy loam soil. To this end, the soil was prepared by considering three bulk densities and two soil thickness levels at 7–9% moisture content levels. According to the results, this paper put forth a new perspective and related equations for characterizing bearing performance. The sinkage modulus (k) is an intrinsic soil parameter that has a determined unit of N/cm2 and is significant for managing the bearing performance. The results showed that the new modulus sinkage model incorporates the main factor of the rigid layer effect involving high fidelity that the conventional models have failed to account for.

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