scholarly journals Isolating and Characterizing Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria From Rhizospheres of Native Plants Grown in Calcareous Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystal S. Li ◽  
Van Zeghbroeck J. ◽  
Qingchun Liu ◽  
Shouan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Native Plants ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Bacillus Flexus ◽  
Enterobacter Ludwigii ◽  
Labile P

Many soils including urban soils have high legacy soil phosphorus (P) due to repeated applications of P fertilizers, but a large portion legacy soil P is fixed by calcium in the calcareous soils. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) have the ability to transfer fixed (non-labile) soil P into bioavailable P. The aim of this study was to isolate P solubilizing bacteria from the rhizospheres of four local native plants [broomsedge bluestem (Andropogon virginicus), giant sword ferns (Nephrolepis biserrata), sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense), and sea ox-eye daisy (Borrichia frutescens)] grown in low bioavailable P calcareous soils and to determine their ability to solubilize P. A total of 44 strains of PSB were isolated with 15 of them being identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA genes as Bacillus flexus, Beijerinckia fluminensis, Enterobacter ludwigii, Enterobacter sp., and Pantoea cypripedii. After a 7-day incubation, these strains reduced pH to <4.27 and increased water-soluble P up to 588 mg L−1. Enterobacter ludwigii showed superior P solubilizing ability amount PSB isolated. Therefore, the isolated strains from the local native environment have the potential to thrive in local calcareous soils and possess strong ability to transform non-labile P into bioavailable forms for plants to uptake.

Soil phosphorus saturation degree: Review of some indices and their suitability for P management in Québec, Canada

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Beauchemin ◽  
R. R. Simard
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Saturation Degree ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Phosphorus Saturation ◽  
Soil Groups

Many agricultural fields contain excessive labile soil P in regard to crop needs. Its environmental fate must be assessed. The concept of P saturation degree is meaningful as it describes the portion of the soil binding sites already covered with P, and indicates the potential desorbability of soil P. The first objective of this study was to review different indices that have been proposed to estimate the degree of soil P saturation and the relationships between soil P saturation degree and P solubility. The second objective is to discuss their suitability as environmental indicators for P management in the province of Québec, Canada. In the Netherlands, the P saturation index is defined as the ratio of P to Al + Fe contents extracted by ammonium oxalate [Pox/( Alox + Feox ) or ( Pox/0.5( Alox + Feox )]. This approach has been mainly used with non-calcareous soils. In Québec, the ratio of Mehlich-III extractable P to Al (M3P/AlM3) is proposed as an alternative, which relies on routine laboratory test. However, the suitability of the M3P/AlM3 ratio has yet to be determined for some specific soil groups (e.g. gleyed soils, soils with Alox content >6 g kg−1) and for subsoil horizons. Regardless of the chosen index, it is suggested that the best way to manage the risk of water contamination by P in Québec (namely, defining critical levels of soil P saturation) may be to form homogeneous soil groups to account for their distinctive behaviour and characteristics. Key words: Phosphorus, saturation, management

scholarly journals Effects of Canopy and Micro-irrigation under the Trees on Spatial Variations of Soil Labile Phosphorus and Metals in a Citrus Grove

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 606-610
Author(s):  
Zhenli He ◽  
David. V. Calvert ◽  
Peter. J. Stoffella ◽  
Mingkui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Citrus Grove ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Horizontal Variation ◽  
Labile Phosphorus ◽  
Vertical Variations ◽  
Northern Side ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Micro Irrigation

To evaluate effects of canopy and micro-irrigation under trees on accumulation and leaching of phosphorus (P) and heavy metals in agricultural sand soils, the horizontal and vertical variations of soil P and metals in a 408-m2 plot within a grove under grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) production near Fort Pierce, Fla., was examined. A high horizontal variation of labile soil P and metal concentrations was observed. Across the row, the highest values of pH, EC, water-soluble P, and all metals occurred in the soils under the canopies, and the lowest values occurred in the soils near the water furrow or the midway of the inter-row. Along the grapefruit row, the highest values of many measured variables occurred along the northern side of the citrus tree and close to the emitter. The downward movement of P, Cu, and Zn in the soils was more significant in the soils in open areas (near the water furrow and midway of inter-neighboring trees) than those under the canopies. The differences in labile P and metal spatial distributions in the soils were related to the location of emitter fertigation and differences in rainfall-induced leaching in the field. The results suggest that applying fertilizers to sites under the canopy rather than the spaces between the trees can minimize leaching losses of nutrients.

scholarly journals Effect of introducing frogs and fish on soil phosphorus availability dynamics and their relationship with rice yield in paddy fields

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaimiao Lin ◽  
Jianping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Rice Fish

AbstractThe long-term impacts of introducing frogs and fish on rice yield and soil P availability are largely underestimated and undervalued. A 9-year field experiment compared the soil phosphorus fraction dynamics and their relationship with rice yield in rice-frog-fish (RFF) cultures, rice-fish (RF) cultures and rice-only (RO) cultures in southeastern China paddy fields. The yields in the RFF and RF cultures were notably higher than those in the RO culture, by 22.1% and 6.8%, respectively. Soil total P ranged from 345.5 to 385.6 mg kg−1 among all the farming systems, with the smallest amount found in the RO culture. There were only slight changes in the distribution of soil phosphorus fractions with time. The concentrations of NaHCO3-Pi and NaHCO3-Po were significantly higher in the RFF and RF cultures compared with those in the RO culture, and most of the NaOH-Pi and NaOH-Po fractions were greater in the RFF and RF cultures compared with those in the RO culture. The rice grain yield was significantly correlated with labile P and slowly cycling P. Introducing frogs and fish might be useful for increasing soil active P supplies and meeting rice nutrient requirements. This study concluded that RFF is the best practice for improving rice grain yields and soil fertility in paddy fields.

scholarly journals Soil phosphorus fractions in an apple orchard with different weed managements

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e3449108767
Author(s):  
Andria Paula Lima ◽  
Cledimar Rogério Lourenzi ◽  
Jucinei José Comin ◽  
Arcângelo Loss ◽  
Gustavo Brunetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Chemical Fractionation ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil P Fractions ◽  
Labile P

The presence of weeds in apple orchards affects the dynamics of nutrients in the soil, including phosphorus (P). The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in distribution of P fractions in the soil of an apple orchard under different weed managements. The experiment was conducted in an apple orchard in the municipality of Urubici, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The following treatments were implemented in 2011: no weed management (NWM), desiccation of weeds in the apple-tree row (DR), and hoeing of weeds in the apple-tree row (HR). Soil samples of the 0-2.5, 2.5-5, 5-10, 10-15 and 15-20 cm layers were collected in the apple-tree rows at 24 months after the implementation of the experiment. The samples were subjected to chemical fractionation of P, obtaining the following fractions: PiAER, PiNaHCO3, PoNaHCO3, PiNaOH, PoNaOH, PiHCl, PiNaOH05, PoNaOH05, and Presidual. The presence of weeds increased the contents of the following soil P fractions in the surface layers: PiAER, PiNaHCO3, and PoNaHCO3, which are bioavailable to plants. A higher proportion of organic forms of P in the soil was found when the weeds were hoed; these fractions can be mineralized and used for nutrition of apple trees when labile P forms are exhausted.

scholarly journals Phosphate Sources and Their Placement Affecting Soil Phosphorus Pools in Sugarcane

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdevan Rosendo dos Santos ◽  
Amin Soltangheisi ◽  
Henrique Junqueira Franco ◽  
Oriel Kolln ◽  
André Vitti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Pools ◽  
Sugarcane Yield ◽  
Labile P

Phosphate fertilizer placement at sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) establishment can strongly influence the distribution of soil P pools over crop cycles, and has a great influence in the availability of this nutrient to plant uptake. Our main objective was to evaluate sugarcane yield as well as changes in the distribution of soil P pools, under phosphate fertilizer sources and their management, over two years of sugarcane cultivation. The experiment was established in August 2013 with two phosphate sources (TSP (triple superphosphate) and RP (Bayovar rock phosphate)) and three application methods: as broadcast, at planting furrow and combining half broadcast/half plant furrow, all at the rate of 180 kg ha−1 soluble P2O5 being applied at crop establishment. Sugarcane yield and P uptake was evaluated, and soil was sampled after harvest in August 2015 to analyze P fractions. Substantial amounts of P derived from fertilizers were accumulated as inorganic and/or organic moderately labile P. Broadcast application of TSP was not able to enhance total P in 0–40 cm layer compared to control treatment. In general, TSP was more effective to supply P for sugarcane and keep more of this nutrient in all labile fractions in the soil. However, the potential residual effect of RP (Ca-P) is expected in the following years, slowly solubilizing over the time.

Long-term effects of liquid hog manure on the phosphorus status of a silt loam cropped to corn

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Royer ◽  
R. R. Simard ◽  
G. M. Barnett ◽  
D. Cluis ◽  
D. A. Angers
Keyword(s):  
Water Contamination ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
P Content ◽  
Hog Manure ◽  
Labile P

Repeated application of animal manure or mineral P fertilizer can significantly increase soil P content and enhance the risk of water contamination. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the long-term (8 yr) effect of liquid hog manure (LHM) applied at high rates and its timing of application on the soil P status and on the risk index of water contamination by P. Spring (S), fall (F), or spring + fall (SF) applications of LHM on a silt loam (Humo Ferric Podzol) were compared to recommended application rates of mineral fertilizer (MF) in a continuous corn (Zea mays L.) system. Total P applied ranged from 7 to 34 kg P ha-1 yr-1 in the MF treatment and from 106 to 150 kg P haP ha-1 yr-1 in the LHM treatments. Soil samples were collected to 1.0-m depth after one, six and eight annual applications. Applying high rates of LHM for 8 consecutive years resulted in a significant (P ≤ 0.10) enrichment in total soil P content relative to MF at the 0- to 20-cm soil depth. The effects of LHM on labile P forms (water soluble P, Pw and Mehlich-III extractable P, M3P) were also restricted to the 0- to 20-cm depth with values as high as 11 mg kg-1 for Pw and 241 mg kg-1 for M3P in the LHM plots. The degree of soil P saturation, evaluated as Pox/(Alox+Feox), increased to 15% in the 0- to 20-cm depth after 6 to 8 yr of LHM application. Saturation values of 12 to 15% were also found at the 80- to 100-cm depth in some LHM plots. The P index rating was always medium (109 to 216) in soil receiving MF but was high (217 to 432) after 6 to 8 yr of heavy LHM applications, which indicates a high potential risk of soil P transfer to surface water. The results of this study showed that timing of application had little influence on long-term soil P status. Overall, applying LHM at high rates greatly increased total soil P, the degree of soil P saturation, and the labile P forms in the surface horizons but had little effects below 20 cm. Key words: Hog manure, soil P, long-term effects, labile P, P saturation

scholarly journals Comparison of fractionation methods for soil phosphorus with soils subjected to various long-term fertilization regimes on a calcareous soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e3
Author(s):  
Xin Jin ◽  
Changlu Hu ◽  
Asif Khan ◽  
Shulan Zhang ◽  
Xueyun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Organic P ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P

Background Diverse phosphorus (P) fractionation procedures presented varying soil P fractions, which directly affected P contents and forms, and their biological availability. Purpose To facilitate the selection of phosphorus (P) fractionation techniques, we compared two procedures based on a long-term experiment on a calcareous soil. Methods The soils containing a gradient P levels were sampled from seven treatments predictor under various long-term fertilizations. The P fractions were then separated independently with both fractionation procedures modified by Tiessen-Moir and Jiang-Gu. Results The results showed that the labile P in Jiang-Gu is significantly lower than that in Tiessen-Moir. The iron and aluminium-bounded P were greater in Jiang-Gu by a maximum of 46 mg kg−1 than Tiessen-Moir. Jiang-Gu fractionation gave similar Ca bounded P to that Tiessen-Moir did at low P level but greater contents at high P level. The two methods extracted much comparable total inorganic P. However, Tiessen-Moir method accounted less total organic P than ignition or Jiang-Gu method (the organic P (Po) estimated by subtract the total inorganic P (Pi) in Jiang-Gu fractionation from the total). P uptake by winter wheat was significantly and positively correlated with all phosphorus fractions in Jiang-Gu; Resin-P, NaHCO3-Pi, D. HCl-P, C. HCl-Pi, NaOH-Po, total-Po in Tiessen-Moir; P fraction categories of Ca-P, Fe & Al-P and total-Pi in both fractionations. Path coefficients indicated that Ca2-P in Jiang-Gu, NaHCO3-Pi and D. HCl-P in Tiessen-Moir had the higher and more significant direct contributions to P uptake among P fractions measured. Conclusions Our results suggested that Jiang-Gu procedure is a better predictor in soil P fractionation in calcareous soils, although it gives no results on organic P fractions.

scholarly journals Impact of vegetation zones on soil phosphorus distribution in Northwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Liu Pingping ◽  
Ren Huarui ◽  
Zhang Yiling ◽  
Wu Tiantian ◽  
Zheng Chunli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Highly Correlated

Soil phosphorus (P) fraction distribution and correlation at different soil depths along vegetation succession in wetland next to a lake in the Hongjiannao National Nature Reserve, China were studied using the Hedley fraction method. The overall trend for soil P content was calcium-bound P (Ca-P) > organic P (O-P) > aluminum/iron-bound P (Al/Fe-P) > labile-P (L-P). Ca-P and O-P were the predominant P forms in all the soil layers, representing on average 53.8‒84.9% and 12.9‒45.2% of the total P, respectively, whereas L-P (ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/kg) was less than 1%. The soil in the Bassia dasyphylla and Carex duriuscula vegetation zones had the largest P contents. In these two vegetation zones, soil L-P was greatest in the surface soil layer; Al/Fe-P was most abundant in the deep layer; O-P was highest in the middle layer. Ca-P levels were generally similar across all soil layers. Regression analysis showed that distribution of P was highly correlated with organic carbon, total nitrogen and plant biomass. Results showed that the soils under Bassia dasyphylla and Carex duriuscula have considerable carbon input potentials, which would facilitate P mineralization as compared to other plants.

scholarly journals Estimates of mean residence times of phosphorus in commonly-considered inorganic soil phosphorus pools

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Helfenstein ◽  
Chiara Pistocchi ◽  
Astrid Oberson ◽  
Federica Tamburini ◽  
Daniel S. Goll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Pools ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Exchange Kinetic ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Using Data

Abstract. Quantification of turnover of inorganic soil phosphorus (P) pools is essential to improve our understanding of P cycling in soil-plant systems at different spatial scales. Turnover can be quantified using mean residence time (MRT), however, to date there is little information on MRT of P in soil P pools. We introduce an approach to quantify MRT of P in sequentially-extracted inorganic soil P pools using data from isotope exchange kinetic experiments. Our analyses of 53 soil samples from the literature showed that MRT of labile P (resin- and bicarbonate extractable P) was on the order of minutes to hours for most soils, MRT in NaOH-extractable P was in the range of days to months, and MRT in HCl-extractable P was on the order of years to millennia. Multiple regression models were able to capture 54–63 % of the variability in MRT among samples, and showed that land use was the most important predictor of MRT of P in labile and NaOH pools. MRT of P in HCl-P was strongly dependent on pH, as high pH soils tended to have longer MRTs. This was interpreted to be related to the composition of HCl-P. Under high pH, HCl-P contains mostly apatite, with a low solubility, whereas under low pH conditions, HCl-P may contain more exchangeable P forms. The estimates of MRT of P in inorganic pools improve our interpretation of soil P dynamics at the laboratory-, field- and ecosystem scale, and will also be useful to constrain P dynamics in global land surface models.

Long-term effects of fertilizers and manure application on the forms and availability of soil phosphorus

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Sen Tran ◽  
Adrien N’dayegamiye
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Labile P

Long-term application of cattle manure and fertilizer can affect the forms and availability of soil phosphorus. This cumulative effect was evaluated on Le Bras silt loam (Humic Gleysol) cultivated with silage corn (Zea mays L.). In this long-term trial, treatments were arranged in a split-plot design, with dairy cattle manure applied at 0 and 20 Mg ha−1 as the main factor. The subplots consisted of six fertilizer treatments (NK, PK, NP, NPK, NPKMg and the unfertilized check). Fertilizer rates for silage corn were 150, 100, 150 and 40 kg ha−1 N, P205, K20 and Mg, respectively. The N fertilizer rate was reduced to 100 kg N ha−1 in manured plots. Soil inorganic P (Pi) and organic P (Po) fractions were sequentially extracted by resin, NaHCO3, NaOH, HCl and a final H2SO4 wet digestion of the residue. On average, labile P extracted by resin and NaHCO3 represented 17% of the total P (Pt); moderately labile NaOH-Pi and Po more than 40%; and stable P 36%. Application of manure and fertilizers increased significantly resin-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-Pi and Pt. However, NaOH-Po was decreased by P fertilizer application in NPK and NPKMg treatments, while long-term manure application maintained this Po pool in the soil. Stable P fractions were not affected by fertilization or by manuring. In all 6 yr of the study, P uptake by silage corn was significantly increased both by long-term N and P fertilizer application and also by manure incorporation. Phosphorus uptake by corn was highly related to all labile and moderately labile Pi fractions and Pt. Long-term application of dairy manure at a rate of 20 t ha−1 increased soil Pi forms and maintained Po fractions. Key words: Inorganic labile P, organic P, soil-P fractionation, P uptake, silage corn

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