Geostatic modeling of the clastic reservoir: a case study the Late Cenomanian Abu Roash G Member, Hamra Field, Abu Gharadig Basin, Western Desert, Egypt

Recent advances in computer sciences have resulted in a significant improvement in reservoir modeling, which is an important stage in studying and comprehending reservoir geometry and properties. It enables the collection of various types of activities such as seismic, geological, and geophysical aspects in a single container to facilitate the characterization of reservoir continuity and homogeneity. The main goal of this work is to build a three-dimensional reservoir model of the Abu Roash G reservoir in the Hamra oil field with enough detail to represent both vertical and lateral reservoir heterogeneity at the well, multi-well, and field scales. The Late Cenomanian Abu Roash G Member is the main reservoir in the Hamra oil field. It is composed mainly of shale, carbonate and some streaks of sandstone, these streaks are shaly in some parts. Conducting the 3D geostatic model begins with the interpretation of seismic data to detect reflectors and horizons, as well as fault picking to explain the structural framework and frequently delineate the container style with proposed limitations to construct the structural model. The lithology and physical properties of Abu Roash G reservoir rock, including total and effective porosity and fluid saturation, were determined using well log data from four wells in the Hamra field. The constructed 3D geological model of the Abu Roash G has showed that the petrophysical parameters are controlled by the facies distribution and structure elements, whereas properties are the central part to the northern side of the deltaic environment than the other sides of the same environment. The model will be useful in displaying the reservoir community and indicating prospective zones for enhancing the dynamic model to improve the behavior of the flow unit productivity, as well as, section of the best sites for the future drilling.

Le Bosquet del Vau un établissement du néolithique final

Summary:The Neolithic site of the Bosquet del Vau is located in the Brabant Province in Belgium. Two different rescue excavations took place on the site both in 2006 and 2007 : the first was subsequent to a housing project of about 110 houses, the latter to the building of the R.E.R. (Express Regional Transportation System).The site was discovered in the 1980 by a group of three teenagers going flint tools hunting all around Waterloo and Braine l’Alleud. Flint tools pertaining to the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age were recovered on site as well as some Mesolithic flint tools.The site is located on a small sandy hill and covers 2.5 hectares. Steep slopes surround it to the west and north-west and gentler ones to the northeast and south, an isthmus exists to the east linking it o the plateau.The settlement is protected by a palisade to the east and south, a wide ditch links the palisade to the nearly valley to the west. The western side of the hill has seen its slope artificially steepened as did part of the northern side. No palisade was found on either of those two sides.Part of one house and a complete second one were discovered in 2006 and 2007. They are aligned north to south, 18 meters long and 4.5 meters wide. A narrow ditch houses the post holes, posts are maximum 0.30 m in diameter and spaced evenly. Central posts suggest a two-sloped roof. No hearth was found inside of the first house, the one of the second has yet to be associated with the house.A phosphate map was made in both cases, evidence points to a house divided into three parts, with maybe a cattle area next to the second one.Potsherds recovered in two postholes of the 2007 house fit together and could be dated to the Late Neolithic Period.Flint tools are mostly micro-denticulates though a few polished axes fragments have been discovered as well as arrowheads and a beautifully knapped flint knife.The various types of stones used: from black flintstone to Parisian flintstone and phtanite suggest here again a Late-Neolithic dating.

Tackling erosion-accumulation events in a moat sequence from a unique Ottoman memorial place (Szigetvár, SW Hungary) using 14C and geoarcheological data

One of the most influential rulers of the sixteenth century, Sultan Suleyman I, passed away and was buried temporarily near the fortress of Szigetvár in SW Hungary in 1566. Later, a memorial place was erected on the site in the second half of the sixteenth century. The complex was surrounded by a palisade system and a moat on its northern side. The site was fully destroyed in 1692, and the exact location vanished with time. Recent investigations of historical sources complemented by geophysical, archeological, and geoarcheological investigations managed to identify the location of the site, and probe corings revealed the moat system. This study presents the results of complex chronological, sedimentological, and geochemical investigations done on the sediments accumulated in the moat. Based on geoarcheological data, two major changes could have been noted in the nature of the deposit marking erosion and transportation of soil from the banks of the moat. Elevated concentrations of Fe and K, and high MS values mark the effects of fire on the deposit and accumulation of flue ash. A rise in heavy metals in these horizons is attributable to anthropogenic sources related to the destruction of the site. Chronological data comes from dateable artifacts reposited and 14C dates of charred cereal seeds. A Bayesian age model built using 14C ages constrained by written historical data on site use helped us to determine the age of moat construction and the referred erosion-accumulation events. The older event was dated around 1670, which is in line with historical records of the first siege of Szigetvár. The second event postdates 1684 and thus must correspond to the time of the site’s final siege and later destruction.

Analysis and Simulations of a Heavy Rainfall Event Associated with the Passage of a Shallow Front over Northern Taiwan on 2 June 2017

From 0200 to 1000 LST 2 June 2017, the shallow, East-West oriented Mei-Yu front (< 1 km) cannot move over the Yang-Ming Mountains (with peaks ∼ 1120 m) when it first arrives. The postfrontal cold air at the surface is deflected by the Yang-Ming Mountains and moves through the Keelung River and Tamsui River valleys into the Taipei Basin. The shallow northerly winds are anchored along the northern side of the Yang-Ming Mountains for 8 hours. In addition, the southwesterly barrier jet with maximum winds in the 900–950-hPa layer brings in abundant moisture and converges with the northwesterly flow in the southwestern flank of the Mei-Yu frontal cyclone. Therefore, torrential rain (> 600 mm) occurs over the northern side of the Yang-Ming Mountains. From 1100 to 1200 LST, with the gradual deepening of the postfrontal cold air, the front finally passes over the Yang-Ming Mountains and arrives at the Taipei Basin, which results in an E-W oriented rainband with the rainfall maxima over the northwestern coast and Taipei Basin. From 1300 to 1400 LST, the frontal rainband continues to move southward with rainfall over the northwestern slopes of the Snow Mountains. In the prefrontal southwesterly flow, the orographic lifting of the moisture-laden low-level winds results in heavy rainfall on the southwestern slopes of the Snow Mountains and the Central Mountain Range. With the terrain of the Yang-Ming Mountains removed in the high-resolution model, the Mei-Yu front moves quickly southward without a rainfall maximum over the northern tip of Taiwan.

Influence of Secondary Alterations on the Structure of the Pore Space of the Upper Permian Carbonate Deposits of the Northern Side Zone of the Caspian Basin

The analysis of the facies distribution of reservoirs within the Moscow-Artinskian sedimentation rim within the Northern part of the Pre-Caspian Basin was carried out. The Teplovsko-Tokarevskaya group of deposits is a chain of carbonate structures stretched in the sub-latitudinal direction. They are consist mainly of bioherm structures, which include tubifytes, foraminifera, crinoidea, ostracods, ostracods, etc. From the lithological point of view, the reservoir rocks are represented by dolomite-limestone differences-from organic limestones to secondary chemogenic dolomites. The influence of facies distribution and secondary dolomitization on the structure of the pore space remains controversial and requires detailed study. The concepts of secondary dolomitization were analyzed and one of the concepts of the formation of secondary dolomites and anhydrites was used to justify the facies distribution: Zones of secondary transformation (dolomitization) form a sweet spots zone in the Artinskian carbonate horizon when high-salinity (Mg2+) waters from the Filippovsky horizon carbonates are infiltrates to Artinskian carbonate. As a result of the discharge of elision waters during digenetic dehydration of gypsum. After the anhydride overlaying of the Artinskian carbonate structure, several regressive-transgressive cycles occurred, which formed a sequence of consistent dolomite-limestone and gypsum layers in the Filippovskian time. During the diagenesis water contained in the gypsum was dehydrated into the permeable zones in carbonates of the Filippovsky horizon, followed by unloading in the region of the Artinskian horizon. Evaporite sedimentation of chemogenic carbonates and gypsum created a condition for the subsequent infiltration of sulphate and magnesium waters in the direction dip formation angle. The source of magnesium is the water remaining after the precipitation of gypsum and carbonates in the Filippovskian time.

A climatology of sub-seasonal temporal clustering of extreme precipitation in Switzerland and its links to extreme discharge

The successive occurrence of extreme precipitation events on sub-seasonal timescales can lead to large precipitation accumulations and extreme river discharge. In this study, we analyze the sub-seasonal clustering of precipitation extremes in Switzerland and its link to the occurrence and duration of extreme river discharge. We take a statistical approach based on Ripley's K function to characterize the significance of the clustering for each season separately. Temporal clustering of precipitation extremes exhibits a distinct spatiotemporal pattern. It occurs primarily on the northern side of the Alps in winter and on their southern side in fall. Cluster periods notably account for 10 %–16 % of seasonal precipitation in these two regions. The occurrence of a cluster of precipitation extremes generally increases the likelihood and duration of high-discharge events compared to non-clustered precipitation extremes, particularly at low elevations. It is less true in winter, when the magnitude of precipitation extremes is generally lower and much of the precipitation falls as snow. In fall, however, temporal clusters associated with large precipitation accumulations over the southern Alps are found to be almost systematically followed by extreme discharge.

Mapping of Fault and Hydrothermal System beneath the Seulawah Volcano Inferred from a Magnetotellurics Structure

Magnetotellurics (MT) is an important geophysical method for exploring geothermal systems, with the Earth resistivity obtained from the MT method proving to be useful for the hydrothermal imaging changes of the system. In this research, we applied the MT method to map the geothermal system of the Seulawah Agam volcano in northern Sumatra, a site intended for the construction of a geothermal power plant with an estimated energy of 230 Mwe. Herein, 3D MT measurements were carried out, covering the entire area of the volcano and the various intersecting local faults from the Seulimeum segment in the NW–SE direction. Based on Occam 2D inversion, a conductive anomaly (<10 ohm·m) near the surface was identified in response to specific manifestation areas, including the Heutsz crater on the northern side and the Cempaga crater on the southern side. A further conductive anomaly was also found at a depth of 1 km, which was presumably due to a clay cap layer covering the fluid in the reservoir layer below the surface, where the manifestation areas are formed at various locations (where faults and fractures are found) owing to the fluid in the reservoir rising to the surface. The MT modeling also revealed that the reservoir layer in Seulawah Agam lies at a depth of 2 km with a higher resistivity of 40–150 ohm·m, which is the main target of geothermal energy exploration. At the same time, the heat source zone where magma is located was estimated to lie in two locations, namely, on the northern side centering on the Heutsz crater area and the southern side in the Cempaga crater area. A clear 3D structure obtained via Occam inversion was also used to visualize the hydrothermal flow in the Seulawah Agam volcano that originates from two heat source zones, where one structure that was consistent across all models is the conductive zone that reaches a depth of 5 km in the south in response to the regional faulting of the Seulimeum segment. Based on the MT research, we concluded that the volcano has the geothermal potential to be tapped into power plant energy in the future.

An Insight to the Sedimentological Developments of Quaternary Detritus Ring Fluvial Network, Altun Kupri Paleolake, NE IRAQ

During the Quaternary, an active basin in the shape of open lake originated along the Lesser Zab river at Altun Kupri area. The radial complex of fluvial deposit morphologically initiated by the coarse detritus material, that were transported by the Lesser Zab river and other surrounded valleys in a shape of delta towards the proximal part of coastal plain and the fine sediment to the distal part of it. The coarse one prograde along the fine gradually resulting in the accumulation of about 60 m thickness of continuous Pleistocene fluvial succession mostly of coarse grained sediments with minor sand, silt and clay intervals and some tongues and bands of calcareous mud. The bulk of basin fill is made of two depositional systems, the western and southwestern side was filled up by progradation delta systems, but the northern side was gradually filled up by fluvial sediment of Lesser Zab channel. The water impounded in this lake because of Awanah anticline as a ridge in front of the lake which is open with output channel that crosses the shallow gorge and the gorge became deeper and deeper gradually till the water drooped from the lake. There are several possibilities that this ring shape depression of Altun Kupri paleolake generated, first: the depression at Altun Kupri is formed as a result of dissolving lenses of Anhydrite and gypsum of the Fat’ha Formation beneath the northern limb of Awanah Anticline after the collapse of the cavity roof. second: the presence of ring shape cliffs of about 50m thick and depression is bounded by 8km in diameter of cross bedded conglomerates and sandstone and the third: the depression of Altun Kupri paleolake can be developed by meteoritic impact, with several sedimentological and structural evidence such as a delta distributary fan, and there was a hanging terrace at a high level along the gorge

Chronology of recent sedimentary infill of the Inner Río de la Plata Estuary, Argentina

The Inner Río de la Plata Estuary is a sedimentary depositional system that resulted from fluvial-deltaic activity. Gentle Pliocene–Pleistocene slopes make-up the northern side of the estuary whereas small cliffs of the same age constitute the southern side. A long coastal estuarine barrier developed at about 6000 years BP when the maximum flooding surface occurred. Attached to this barrier, and at a lower elevation, is a large strandplain (covering an area of about 2400 km2) which displays more than 220 beach ridges. In different areas, the dating indicates a periodicity of 13.4–13.7 years for the development of each beach ridge. These data are like the periodicity of the ENSO effects, which could be associated with the variability of Sunspots. These ridges were formed shortly after the maximum flooding surface, which was followed by a gradual fall in sea-level that contributed significantly to the Inner Río de la Plata Estuary sedimentary infill. In addition, ENSO activities were probably instrumental in the distribution of the main geoforms in the Inner Rio de la Plata Estuary. Small deltas, which were generated by other rivers and creeks such as the Nogoyá Arroyo and the Gualeguay River, developed coevally with the coastal estuarine barrier. The Ibicuy Delta grew in the middle of the inner Río de la Plata Estuary when the former Paraná River flowed northwards during the sea-level fall. The upper part of the delta front was reworked, giving rise to a large dunefield. Thereafter, a chenier plain developed along with tidal flats. The current Paraná Delta continues to prograde at a rate of about 56–64 m/year (m year−1). The sedimentary infill of the Inner Río de la Plata Estuary occurred along the Holocene.

THE LATEST FOREIGN RESEARCH ON HYPERBOREA (2010-2020)

Статья посвящается анализу ряда исследований, касающихся мифологемы Гипербореи и появившихся в зарубежной научной литературе в последнее десятилетие (2010-2020 гг.) В России тема Гипербореи до известной степени дискредитирована интересом к ней многочисленных эзотериков и националистов; в зарубежных изданиях интерес к данной теме, однако, не затухает. Норвежский филолог П. Сандин вскрывает культурно-политическую подоплеку древних концепций географической принадлежности Гипербореи, в т. ч. Пиндара, намеренно сделавшего из гиперборейцев своего рода «антискифов». Плодом кропотливой работы Сандина стал подробнейший каталог гиперборейцев, упомянутых в античной литературе от Пиндара и Геродота до византийских грамматиков и историков. Польский историк Я. Хохоровски на основании археологических материалов делает предположение, что «гипербореями» делосцы называли народы, жившие с северной стороны Карпат, в бассейне Вислы и Варты. Белградские ученые А. Палавестра и М. Милосавлевич демонстрируют, как легко может стать политически ангажированной любая версия географической принадлежности Гипербореи. Делают они это на примерах М. Васича, отождествившего Гиперборею с открытой им древнейшей цивилизацией Винча, М. Будимира, узнавшего в гипербореях славян, и Д. Гарашанина, локализовавшего Гиперборею в Подунавье. Итальянский религиовед М. Интровинье вскрывает эзотерические основания костариканского национализма, обращающегося к гипербореанской метафорике для обоснования исключительности своей нации. Дж. Арнольд (Варшава) анализирует концепцию Гипербореи в творчестве основоположника традиционализма Р. Генона. Л. Уэбб (Гётеборг) исследует способы бытования мифов о Туле и Гиперборее в римской литературе от Катулла до Сидония Аполлинария. The article is devoted to the analysis of a number of studies concerning the myth of Hyperborea that appeared in foreign scientific literature in the last decade (2010-2020). In Russia, the topic of Hyperborea is to a certain extent discredited by the interest of numerous esotericists and nationalists; in foreign publications, however interest in this topic does not fade. The Norwegian philologist P. Sandin reveals the cultural and political background of the ancient concepts of the geographical affiliation of Hyperborea, for example, that of Pindar, who deliberately made a kind of «anti-Scythians» out of the Hyperboreans. The fruit of Sandin's painstaking work was a detailed catalog of the Hyperboreans mentioned in ancient literature from Pindar and Herodotus to Byzantine grammarians and historians. The Polish historian J. Chokhorowski, on the basis of archaeological materials, makes the assumption that the Delians called the peoples who lived on the northern side of the Carpathians, in the basin of the Vistula and Warta, «Hyperboreans». Belgrade scientists A. Palavestra and M. Milosavlevich demonstrate how easily any version of the geographical affiliation of Hyperborea can become politically engaged. They do this on the examples of M. Vasich, who identified Hyperborea with the discovered by him ancient civilization of Vinch; M. Budimir, who recognized the Slavs in Hyperborea; D. Garashanin, who placed Hyperborea in the Danube. The Italian religious scholar M. Introvigne reveals the esoteric foundations of Costa Rican nationalism, which turns to the Hyperborean metaphor to substantiate the exclusiveness of his nation. J. Arnold (Warsaw) analyzes the concept of Hyperborea in the works of the founder of traditionalism R. Guénon. L. Webb (Gothenburg) explores the ways in which the myths of Thule and Hyperborea were used in Roman literature from Catullus to Sidonius Apollinarius.