Association of Antibody-Dependent Neutrophil Phagocytosis With Distinct Antibody Glycosylation Profiles Following Typhoid Vaccination

Typhoid Vi-conjugate vaccines (Vi-TCV) have been developed to control typhoid fever in children in endemic regions. Previously, in a human challenge model of typhoid, Vi-TCV was administered prior to deliberate ingestion of Salmonella Typhi by healthy adult volunteers in the UK. Vi-specific antibody-dependent neutrophil phagocytosis (ADNP) was associated with protection against enteric fever in this model, but it is not known if ADNP is induced by vaccination of children. We measured ADNP in a cohort of Nepalese children receiving a Vi-TCV in a field study to investigate whether functional antibody responses were also present in children in an endemic setting. Furthermore, we investigated relationships between the functional antibody measures and other properties of the antibody response, including Vi-IgG and IgA titres, and Fc region glycosylation. Antibody-dependent neutrophil phagocytosis significantly increased in children aged 9 months to 15 years between the day of vaccination and 28 days following administration of Vi-TCV (D28). The magnitude of ADNP was also comparable with the levels of ADNP induced by plasma from vaccinated UK adults. Neither IgG nor IgA antibody titres significantly correlated with ADNP scores at D28; however, increased vaccine-induced ADNP was associated with decreased levels of IgG1 sialylation. These data suggest that vaccination with Vi-TCV produces functional antibody responses in children, which associate with specific glycosylation patterns of the Fc region.

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Homologous and heterologous antibody responses to subunit influenza virus vaccine

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400025201 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 81 (3) ◽

pp. 331-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Brian J. Feery ◽

M. G. Evered ◽

Kathleen Hayes

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Virus Vaccine ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Influenza Virus Vaccine ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Antibody Titres ◽

Adult Volunteers ◽

Representative Member ◽

Heterologous Antibody

SummaryIn a group of 32 adult volunteers given subunit influenza virus vaccine containing 250 international units (i.u.) of A/Victoria/3/75, 250 i.u. of A/Scotland/ 840/74 and 300 i.u. of B/Hong Kong/8/73, there were substantial increases in the geometric mean homologous haemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody titres. There was also substantial boosting of the antibodies to the earlier variants of the Hong Kong (H3N2) series and to a later variant of the Asian (H2N2) series. There was no boosting of antibodies to the A/FM/1/47 strain, a representative member of the H1N1 series, but two individuals showed substantial rises to A/PR/8/34 (H0N1).There were increases in the HI titre of antibodies cross reactive with two recent isolations, A/Texas/1/77, and A/Victoria/35/77, but the majority of vaccinees failed to reach antibody titres likely to be protective against such strains.

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WRL 105 strain live attenuated influenza vaccine; comparison of one and two dose schedules

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400055686 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 327-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

A. E. J. Evans ◽

E. Letley ◽

R. P. Ferris ◽

D. S. Freestone

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Antibody Response ◽

Influenza Vaccine ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine ◽

Antibody Titres ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

A Minor ◽

Adult Volunteers

SUMMARYHaemagglutinating inhibiting antibody (HAI) responses were determined and clinical reactions recorded in 162 adult volunteers who received either 1 or 2 intranasal doses of 107·0 EID 50 WRL 105 strain live influenza vaccine or placebo. After administration of a single dose of vaccine significant antibody responses were obtained in 69 (70%) of 98 volunteers with initial antibody titres of ≤ 1/20. Of the 70 volunteers who received a second dose of vaccine, 62 provided a further post-vaccination sample of serum, and only 3 (4·8 %), who had not responded to the first dose of vaccine, produced a significant antibody response.Local, upper respiratory and constitutional symptoms were recorded more frequently after the administration of a first dose of vaccine than after placebo or a second dose of vaccine. The symptoms were of a minor nature except in one volunteer who, after the first dose of vaccine, developed influenzal symptoms followed by bronchitis.

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Spike-antibody responses following first and second doses of ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 vaccines by age, gender, and clinical factors - a prospective community cohort study (Virus Watch)

10.1101/2021.05.12.21257102 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Madhumita Shrotri ◽

Ellen Fragaszy ◽

Cyril Geismar ◽

Vincent Nguyen ◽

Sarah Beale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Single Dose ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Solid Organ ◽

Clinical Factors ◽

Preventative Measures ◽

Vaccine Type ◽

Antibody Titres ◽

The Uk ◽

Antibody Levels

Background Vaccination constitutes the best long-term solution against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Real-world immunogenicity data are sparse, particularly for ChAdOx1 and in populations with chronic conditions; and given the extended dosing interval in the UK, it is also important to understand antibody responses in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals following a single dose. Methods Adults aged 18+ years from households enrolled in Virus Watch, a prospective community cohort study in England and Wales, provided capillary blood samples and self-reported vaccination status. Primary outcome variables were quantitative Spike total antibody levels (U/ml) and seropositivity to Spike (>=0.8 U/ml), as per the Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay. Samples seropositive for Nucleocapsid, and samples taken prior to vaccination, were excluded. Outcomes were analysed by days since vaccination, vaccine type (BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1), and a range of self-reported demographic and clinical factors. Results 8,517 vaccinated participants (median age 65 years [IQR: 58, 71]), contributed 13,232 samples (8,115 following ChAdOx1, 5,008 following BNT162b2). Seropositivity to Spike was 96.42% (95%CI 96, 96.79) at 28-34 days following a single dose, reaching 99.08% (97.8, 99.62) at 7-14 days after a second dose. Seropositivity rates, and Spike-antibody levels rose more quickly following the first dose of BNT162b2, however, were equivalent for both vaccines by 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. There was evidence of lower S-antibody levels with increasing age (p=0.0001). In partially vaccinated 65-79 year-olds, lower S-antibody levels were observed in men (25.9 vs 42.3 U/ml, p<0.0001), those with a chronic condition (33.0 vs 41.2 U/ml, p<0.0001), diabetes (22.32 vs 36.01 U/ml, p<0.0001), cardiovascular disease (32.1 vs 36.7 U/ml, p=0.0002), or history of cancer (30.1 vs 35.7 U/ml, p=0.0001), particularly those with haematological rather than solid organ cancer (7.48 vs 31.68 U/ml, p<0.0001), and those currently on immunosuppressive therapy (21.7 vs 35.6 U/ml, p<0.0001). Following a second dose, high S-antibody titres (>=250U/ml) were observed for nearly all individuals. Interpretation A single dose of either BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 leads to high Spike seropositivity rates in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals. However, observed disparities in antibody levels after the first dose by vaccine type, age, and comorbidities highlight the importance of ongoing non-pharmaceutical preventative measures such as social distancing, for partially vaccinated adults, particularly those who are older and more clinically vulnerable.

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