scholarly journals Understanding the Shift in the Microbiome of Composts That Are Optimized for a Better Fit-for-Purpose in Growing Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffi Pot ◽  
Caroline De Tender ◽  
Sarah Ommeslag ◽  
Ilse Delcour ◽  
Johan Ceusters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Biolog Ecoplates ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics

Three characteristics are considered key for optimal use of composts in growing media: maturity, pH and organic matter content. Maturation is a critical step in the processing of composts contributing to compost quality. Blending of composts with chopped heath biomass, sieving out the larger fraction of composts and acidification of composts by adding elemental sulfur may be used either to increase organic matter content or to reduce pH for a better fit in growing media. While several studies have shown the effectiveness of these treatments to improve the use of composts in growing media, the effect of these treatments on the compost microbiome has merely been assessed before. In the present study, five immature composts were allowed to mature, and were subsequently acidified, blended or sieved. Bacterial and fungal communities of the composts were characterized and quantified using 16S rRNA and ITS2 gene metabarcoding and phospholipid fatty acid analysis. Metabolic biodiversity and activity were analyzed using Biolog EcoPlates. Compost batch was shown to be more important than maturation or optimization treatments to determine the compost microbiome. Compost maturation increased microbial diversity and favored beneficial microorganisms, which may be positive for the use of composts in growing media. Blending of composts increased microbial diversity, metabolic diversity, and metabolic activity, which may have a positive effect in growing media. Blending may be used to modify the microbiome to a certain degree in order to optimize microbiological characteristics. Acidification caused a decrease in bacterial diversity and microbial activity, which may be negative for the use in growing media, although the changes are limited. Sieving had limited effect on the microbiome of composts. Because of the limited effect on the microbiome, sieving of composts may be used flexible to improve (bio)chemical characteristics. This is the first study to assess the effects of maturation and optimization treatments to either increase organic matter content or lower pH in composts on the compost microbiome.

scholarly journals Genetic and Metabolic Diversity of Soil Microbiome in Response to Exogenous Organic Matter Amendments

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Gryta ◽  
Magdalena Frąc ◽  
Karolina Oszust
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Dehydrogenases Activity

Loss of organic matter content of cultivated soils is observed in many regions of Europe. The possibility of using organic waste as a soil additive that enriches the soil with organic matter and essential components is important in soil quality protection and waste management. This research concerned the influence of six organic wastes—two industrial composts, three digestates and meat bone meal—on soil microbial properties. The study of functional microbial diversity concerns the determination of the catabolic capacity of bacterial, fungal and anaerobic communities in relation to carbon substrates in metabolic profiling plates (Biolog® ECO, FF, AN (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA, USA)). The assessment of genetic diversity was made on the basis of analysis of the restriction profile of ammonia-oxidizing archaea. Additionally, soil dehydrogenases activity was determined. The research showed that the type of organic waste used had an influence on the microbiological parameters. The application of exogenous organic matter caused increases in functional and genetic microbial diversity. The nature of the noted changes was short term and periodic. The values of the microbiological parameters in soils with organic waste were similar to those of the control samples. This indicates an improved microbiological balance and stability of the soil environment after the application of exogenous organic matter.

The Formation Mechanism Of Mudflat Soil Aggregates Driven By Exogenous Organic Matters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanchao Bai ◽  
Chuanhui Gu ◽  
Yuhua Shan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Arable Soil ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Salt Reduction

<p>Mudflats are valuable land resources located in the interaction zone between land and sea and are found in many parts of the world. The newly reclaimed mudflats are high in salinity and low in fertility as indicated by poor soil structure, extremely low organic matter content, low nutrient level and lack of microbial diversity, which is not suitable for cultivation. The keys to mudflat reclamation to arable lands are (1) to reduce salinity and (2) to increase the soil organic matter content and thus soil fertility. The former determines whether the reclaimed mudflat can be used for crop production and the latter determines whether the crop production is sustainable. On the basis of salt reduction measures, adding exogenous organic matter to drive the formation of soil aggregates in mudflat saline-alkali soil is a prerequisite for inhibiting the return of salt, improving fertility and promoting the transformation of mudflat reclaimed soil into arable soil. Research on the formation of clustered soil aggregates during the evolution of mudflat soil into arable soil should focus on the regulatory, formation, and stability mechanism of different exogenous organic matter. In addition, exploration of the effects of the special properties of mudflat soil, e.g., high salinity, high pH, and low microbial diversity, on the formation and stability of soil aggregates is necessary. The regularity and regulation of soil structure and fertility evolution of the mudflat driven by exogenous organic matter were clarified. Research on soil aggregate formation not only enrich the basic theory of soil quality evolution of mudflat, but also have practical guiding significance for the maturation of mudflat soil.</p>

HEAVY METAL SPECIATION IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE VYSHNEVOLOTSKY RESERVOIR

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
O. A. Lipatnikova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Speciation ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Manganese Hydroxides

The study of heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments of the Vyshnevolotsky water reservoir is presented in this paper. Sequential selective procedure was used to determine the heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments and thermodynamic calculation — to determine ones in interstitial water. It has been shown that Mn are mainly presented in exchangeable and carbonate forms; for Fe, Zn, Pb и Co the forms are related to iron and manganese hydroxides is played an important role; and Cu and Ni are mainly associated with organic matter. In interstitial waters the main forms of heavy metal speciation are free ions for Zn, Ni, Co and Cd, carbonate complexes for Pb, fulvate complexes for Cu. Effects of particle size and organic matter content in sediments on distribution of mobile and potentially mobile forms of toxic elements have been revealed.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Collected from Chandrabhaga River in Kalmeshwar, Nagpur, Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Amita M Watkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Agricultural Land Management ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil, itself means Soul of Infinite Life. Soil is the naturally occurring unconsolidated or loose covering on the earth’s surface. Physical properties depend upon the amount, size, shape, arrangement, and mineral composition of soil particles. It also depends on the organic matter content and pore spaces. Chemical properties depend on the Inorganic and organic matter present in the soil. Soils are the essential components of the environment and foundation resources for nearly all types of land use, besides being the most important component of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, assessment of soil quality and its direction of change with time is an ideal and primary indicator of sustainable agricultural land management. Soil quality indicators refer to measurable soil attributes that influence the capacity of a soil to function, within the limits imposed by the ecosystem, to preserve biological productivity and environmental quality and promote plant, animal and human health. The present study is to assess these soil attributes such as physical and chemical properties season-wise.

scholarly journals Soil nitrogen supply of peat grasslands estimated by degree days and soil organic matter content

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-365
Author(s):  
J. Pijlman ◽  
G. Holshof ◽  
W. van den Berg ◽  
G. H. Ros ◽  
J. W. Erisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Supply
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