scholarly journals Mycobacterium tuberculosis Thymidylyltransferase RmlA Is Negatively Regulated by Ser/Thr Protein Kinase PknB

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dehui Qu ◽  
Xiaohui Zhao ◽  
Yao Sun ◽  
Fan-Lin Wu ◽  
Sheng-Ce Tao
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Catalytic Triad ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Wall Formation

Ser/Thr phosphorylation by serine/threonine protein kinases (STPKs) plays significant roles in molecular regulation, which allows Mycobacteria to adapt their cell wall structure in response to the environment changes. Identifying direct targets of STPKs and determining their activities are therefore critical to revealing their function in Mycobacteria, for example, in cell wall formation and virulence. Herein, we reported that RmlA, a crucial L-rhamnose biosynthesis enzyme, is a substrate of STPK PknB in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that RmlA is phosphorylated at Thr-12, Thr-54, Thr-197, and Thr-12 is located close to the catalytic triad of RmlA. Biochemical and phenotypic analysis of two RmlA mutants, T12A/T12D, showed that their activities were reduced, and cell wall formation was negatively affected. Moreover, virulence of RmlA T12D mutant was attenuated in a macrophage model. Overall, these results provide the first evidence for the role of PknB-dependent RmlA phosphorylation in regulating cell wall formation in Mycobacteria, with significant implications for pathogenicity.

scholarly journals Role of cytoskeleton in plant cell wall formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-186
Author(s):  
Yi MAN ◽  
RuiLi LI ◽  
YuFen BU ◽  
Na SUN ◽  
YanPing JING ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Wall Formation

scholarly journals The role of SND2 in the regulation of Arabidopsisfibre secondary cell wall formation

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (S7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Hussey ◽  
Eshchar Mizrachi ◽  
David Berger ◽  
Alexander Myburg
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Wall Formation

scholarly journals Investigation of cell wall proteins of C. sinensis leaves by combining cell wall proteomics and N-glycoproteomics

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Liu ◽  
Linlong Ma ◽  
Dan Cao ◽  
Ziming Gong ◽  
Jing Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Functional Class ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Cell Wall Proteins ◽  
Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Wall Formation

Abstract Background C. sinensis is an important economic crop with fluoride over-accumulation in its leaves, which poses a serious threat to human health due to its leaf consumption as tea. Recently, our study has indicated that cell wall proteins (CWPs) probably play a vital role in fluoride accumulation/detoxification in C. sinensis. However, there has been a lack in CWP identification and characterization up to now. This study is aimed to characterize cell wall proteome of C. sinensis leaves and to develop more CWPs related to stress response. A strategy of combined cell wall proteomics and N-glycoproteomics was employed to investigate CWPs. CWPs were extracted by sequential salt buffers, while N-glycoproteins were enriched by hydrophilic interaction chromatography method using C. sinensis leaves as a material. Afterwards all the proteins were subjected to UPLC-MS/MS analysis. Results A total of 501 CWPs and 195 CWPs were identified respectively by cell wall proteomics and N-glycoproteomics profiling with 118 CWPs in common. Notably, N-glycoproteomics is a feasible method for CWP identification, and it can enhance CWP coverage. Among identified CWPs, proteins acting on cell wall polysaccharides constitute the largest functional class, most of which might be involved in cell wall structure remodeling. The second largest functional class mainly encompass various proteases related to CWP turnover and maturation. Oxidoreductases represent the third largest functional class, most of which (especially Class III peroxidases) participate in defense response. As expected, identified CWPs are mainly related to plant cell wall formation and defense response. Conclusion This was the first large-scale investigation of CWPs in C. sinensis through cell wall proteomics and N-glycoproteomics. Our results not only provide a database for further research on CWPs, but also an insight into cell wall formation and defense response in C. sinensis.

scholarly journals The origin and early evolution of tracheids in vascular plants: integration of palaeobotanical and neobotanical data

2000 ◽  
Vol 355 (1398) ◽  
pp. 857-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Friedman ◽  
Martha E. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Early Evolution ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
Resistant Layer

Although there is clear evidence for the establishment of terrestrial plant life by the end of the Ordovician, the fossil record indicates that land plants remained extremely small and structurally simple until the Late Silurian. Among the events associated with this first major radiation of land plants is the evolution of tracheids, complex water–conducting cells defined by the presence of lignified secondary cell wall thickenings. Recent palaeobotanical analyses indicate that Early Devonian tracheids appear to possess secondary cell wall thickenings composed of two distinct layers: a degradation–prone layer adjacent to the primary cell wall and a degradation–resistant (possibly lignified) layer next to the cell lumen. In order to understand better the early evolution of tracheids, developmental and comparative studies of key basal (and potentially plesiomorphic) extant vascular plants have been initiated. Ultra–structural analysis and enzyme degradation studies of wall structure (to approximate diagenetic alterations of fossil tracheid structure) have been conducted on basal members of each of the two major clades of extant vascular plants: Huperzia (Lycophytina) and Equisetum (Euphyllophytina). This research demonstrates that secondary cell walls of extant basal vascular plants include a degradation–prone layer (‘template layer’) and a degradation–resistant layer (‘resistant layer’). This pattern of secondary cell wall formation in the water–conducting cells of extant vascular plants matches the pattern of wall thickenings in the tracheids of early fossil vascular plants and provides a key evolutionary link between tracheids of living vascular plants and those of their earliest fossil ancestors. Further studies of tracheid development and structure among basal extant vascular plants will lead to a more precise reconstruction of the early evolution of water–conducting tissues in land plants, and will add to the current limited knowledge of spatial, temporal and cytochemical aspects of cell wall formation in tracheary elements of vascular plants.

scholarly journals Integrated multi-omics analysis uncovers roles of mdm-miR164b-MdORE1 in strigolactone mediated inhibition of adventitious root formation in apple

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingqiang Fan ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Yushuang Guo ◽  
Qi Qi ◽  
Xiangning Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
Cell Wall Biogenesis

Adventitious root (AR) formation is important for the vegetative propagation. The effects of strigolactones (SLs) on AR formation have been rarely reported, especially in woody plants. In this study, we first verified the inhibitory effects of SLs on AR formation in apple materials. Transcriptome analysis identified 12,051 differentially expressed genes over the course of AR formation, with functions related to organogenesis, cell wall biogenesis or plant senescence. WGCNA suggests SLs might inhibit AR formation through repressing the expression of two core hub genes, MdLAC3 and MdORE1. We further verified that enhanced cell wall formation and accelerated senescence were involved in the AR inhibition caused by SLs. Combining small RNA and degradome sequencing, as well as a dual-luciferase sensor system, we identified and validated three negatively correlated miRNA–mRNA pairs, including mdm-miR397–MdLAC3 involved in secondary cell wall formation, and mdm-miR164a/b–MdORE1 involved in senescence. Finally, we have experimentally demonstrated the role of mdm-miR164b–MdORE1 in SLs-mediated inhibition of AR formation. Overall, our findings not only propose a comprehensive regulatory network for the function of SLs on AR formation, but also provide novel candidate genes for the potential genetic improvement of AR formation in woody plants using transgenic or CRISPR technology.

scholarly journals A Survey on Cell wall Proteins of C. Sinensis Leaf by Combining Cell Wall Proteomic and N-Glycoproteomic Strategy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
yanli liu ◽  
Linlong Ma ◽  
Dan Cao ◽  
Ziming Gong ◽  
Jing Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Cell Wall Proteins ◽  
Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
Cell Wall Proteome

Abstract Background: Camellia sinensis is an important economic crop with fluoride over-accumulation in the leaves, which pose a serious threaten to human health due to its leave being used for making tea. Recently, our study found that cell wall proteins (CWPs) probably play a vital role in fluoride accumulation/detoxification in C. sinensis. However, CWPs identification and characterization were lacking up to now in C. sinensis. Herein, we aimed at characterizing cell wall proteome of C. sinensis leaves, to develop more CWPs related to stress response. A strategy of combined cell wall proteome and N-glycoproteome were employed to investigate CWPs. CWPs were extracted by sequential salt buffers, while N-glycoproteins were enriched by hydrophilic interaction chromatography method using C. sinensis leaves as a material, afterwards all proteins were subjected to qualitative analysis via UPLC-MS/MS.Results: 501 and 195 CWPs were identified by cell wall proteomic and N-glycoproteomics profiling, respectively, with 118 CWPs being in common. Notably, N-glycoproteome is a feasible method for CWPs identification and consequently enhance CWP coverage. Among identified CWPs, proteins acting on cell wall polysaccharides constitute the largest functional group with most of them possibly being involved in the remodeling of cell wall structure. The second abundant group encompass mainly various proteases, being considered to be related to CWPs turnover and maturation. Oxidoreductases represent the third abundance with most of them especially Class III peroxidases being known to be implicated in defense response. As expected, identified CWPs emphasized on plant cell wall formation and defense response.Conclusion: This was the first large scale survey of CWPs by cell wall proteome and N-glycoproteome in C. sinensis. The results not only provides a database that will aid deep research on CWPs, but also improve the understanding underlying cell wall formation and defense response in this important economic specie.

Ethylene effects on cambial activity and cell wall formation in hypocotyls of Picea abies seedlings

1991 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbro S. M. Ingemarsson ◽  
Leif Eklund ◽  
Lennart Eliasson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Wall Formation
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