scholarly journals Adaptation of Soil Fungal Community Structure and Assembly to Long- Versus Short-Term Nitrogen Addition in a Tropical Forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhong He ◽  
Shuo Jiao ◽  
Xiangping Tan ◽  
Hui Wei ◽  
Xiaomin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Soil Fungal Community

Soil fungi play critical roles in ecosystem processes and are sensitive to global changes. Elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has been well documented to impact on fungal diversity and community composition, but how the fungal community assembly responds to the duration effects of experimental N addition remains poorly understood. Here, we aimed to investigate the soil fungal community variations and assembly processes under short- (2 years) versus long-term (13 years) exogenous N addition (∼100 kg N ha–1 yr–1) in a N-rich tropical forest of China. We observed that short-term N addition significantly increased fungal taxonomic and phylogenetic α-diversity and shifted fungal community composition with significant increases in the relative abundance of Ascomycota and decreases in that of Basidiomycota. Short-term N addition also significantly increased the relative abundance of saprotrophic fungi and decreased that of ectomycorrhizal fungi. However, unremarkable effects on these indices were found under long-term N addition. The variations of fungal α-diversity, community composition, and the relative abundance of major phyla, genera, and functional guilds were mainly correlated with soil pH and NO3––N concentration, and these correlations were much stronger under short-term than long-term N addition. The results of null, neutral community models and the normalized stochasticity ratio (NST) index consistently revealed that stochastic processes played predominant roles in the assembly of soil fungal community in the tropical forest, and the relative contribution of stochastic processes was significantly increased by short-term N addition. These findings highlighted that the responses of fungal community to N addition were duration-dependent, i.e., fungal community structure and assembly would be sensitive to short-term N addition but become adaptive to long-term N enrichment.

scholarly journals How Do N Addition Affect Soil Fungal Community Assembly: Short- Versus Long-term Effects?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhong He ◽  
Shuo Jiao ◽  
Xiangping Tan ◽  
Hui Wei ◽  
Xiaomin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Soil Fungal Community ◽  
Short And Long Term

Abstract Background: Soil fungi play critical roles in ecosystem processes and are sensitive to global changes. Elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has been well documented to impact on fungal diversity and community composition, but how fungal community assembly respond to short- and long-term simulative N deposition remains poorly understood. Here, we carried out two field experiments to investigate the soil fungal community variations and assembly processes under short- (2 years) versus long-term (13 years) exogenous nitrogen addition (100 kg N ha-1 yr-1) in a N-rich tropical forest of China. Results: We observed that short-term N addition significantly increased fungal taxonomic and phylogenetic α-diversity, and shifted fungal community composition with significant increases in the relative abundance of Ascomycota and saprotrophic fungi, and decreases in the relative abundance of Basidiomycota and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi. However, unremarkable effects were found under long-term N addition. The variations of fungal α-diversity, community composition, the relative abundance of major phyla, genera and functional guilds were mainly correlated with soil pH and the concentrations of NO3--N, and these correlations were much stronger under short- than long-term N addition. The results of null, neutral community models and the 39 normalized stochasticity ratio (NST) index consistently revealed that stochastic processes played predominant roles in the assembly of soil fungal community under N addition in the tropical forest, and that the relative contributions of stochastic processes were higher at short-term site. Furthermore, both short- and long-term N addition slightly loosened the co-occurrence networks of the fungal community. Conclusions: These findings highlighted that the responses of fungal community structure to N addition were duration-dependent, i.e., the fungal community was sensitive to the short-term N addition but become acclimatized to long-term N enrichment.

Effects of Short-term Application of Moutai Lees Biochar on Nutrients and Fungal Community Structure in Yellow Soil of Guizhou

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Yanling Liu ◽  
Quanquan Wei ◽  
Jiulan Gou
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fungal Community Structure

Abstract In order to realize the resource utilization of Guizhou sauce-flavor distiller's grains and the improvement of yellow soil fertility, a field experiment was carried out to study the effects of short-term application of vinasse biochar on soil nutrients and the diversity of fungal community structure by setting five biochar dosages of 0% (MB0), 0.5% (MB0.5), 1.0% (MB1.0), 2.0% (MB2.0), and 4.0% (MB4.0). The results showed that the application of lees biochar increased the pH, soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium N (AN), nitrate N (NN), available phosphorus and available potassium of the yellow soil to varying degrees, but decreased the microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass N (MBN) by 12.36%-26.49% and 34.10%-59.95% respectively. The application of lees biochar significantly reduced the number of fungal OTUs and community diversity. Compared with MB0 treatment, the application of lees biochar significantly changed the structure of the fungal community. The relative abundances of Mortierellomycota, Basidiomycota, Glomeromycota, and Chlorophyta were all increased in varying degrees, but the relative abundance of Ascomycota was significantly reduced by 23.86%-29.06%. At the same time, the application of lees biochar also increased the relative abundance of some functional bacteria, such as Mortierella and Chaetomium, and reduced the relative abundance of some pathogenic bacteria, such as Aspergillus and Fusarium. In addition, the results of redundant analysis showed that SOM, AN and NN were the main environmental factors that affect the change of yellow soil fungal community structure. In summary, the short-term application of lees biochar can increase the nutrient content of soil, change the structure and diversity of soil fungal communities, and also can reduce the relative abundance of some pathogenic bacteria, which can inhibit the growth and reproduction of harmful plant pathogens.

scholarly journals Response of Soil Fungal Community Structure to Long-Term Continuous Soybean Cropping

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Liu ◽  
Fengjuan Pan ◽  
Xiaozeng Han ◽  
Fengbin Song ◽  
Zhiming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Soil Fungal Community

scholarly journals Soil Fungal Community Composition Correlates with Site-Specific Abiotic Factors, Tree Community Structure, and Forest Age in Regenerating Tropical Rainforests

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1120
Author(s):  
Irene Adamo ◽  
Edgar Ortiz-Malavasi ◽  
Robin Chazdon ◽  
Priscila Chaverri ◽  
Hans ter Steege ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Forest Age ◽  
Secondary Forest Succession ◽  
Soil Fungal Community

Successional dynamics of plants and animals during tropical forest regeneration have been thoroughly studied, while fungal compositional dynamics during tropical forest succession remain unknown, despite the crucial roles of fungi in ecological processes. We combined tree data and soil fungal DNA metabarcoding data to compare richness and community composition along secondary forest succession in Costa Rica and assessed the potential roles of abiotic factors influencing them. We found a strong coupling of tree and soil fungal community structure in wet tropical primary and regenerating secondary forests. Forest age, edaphic variables, and regional differences in climatic conditions all had significant effects on tree and fungal richness and community composition in all functional groups. Furthermore, we observed larger site-to-site compositional differences and greater influence of edaphic and climatic factors in secondary than in primary forests. The results suggest greater environmental heterogeneity and greater stochasticity in community assembly in the early stages of secondary forest succession and a certain convergence on a set of taxa with a competitive advantage in the more persisting environmental conditions in old-growth forests. Our work provides unprecedented insights into the successional dynamics of fungal communities during secondary tropical forest succession.

Grazing intensity rather than host plant’s palatability shape the community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a steppe grassland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maede Faghihinia ◽  
Yi Zou ◽  
Yongfei Bai ◽  
Martin Dudáš ◽  
Rob Marrs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Steppe Grassland

Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the predominant type of mycorrhizal fungi in roots and rhizosphere soil of grass species worldwide. Grasslands are currently experiencing increasing grazing pressure, but it is not yet clear how grazing intensity and host plant grazing preference by large herbivores interact with soil- and root-associated AMF communities. Here, we tested whether the diversity and community composition of AMF in the roots and rhizosphere soil of two dominant perennial grasses grazed differently by livestock change in response to grazing intensity. We conducted a study in a long-term field experiment in which seven levels of field-manipulated grazing intensities were maintained for 13 years in a typical steppe grassland in northern China. We extracted DNA from the roots and rhizosphere soil of two dominant grasses, Leymus chinense (Trin.) Tzvel. and Stipa grandis P. Smirn, with contrasting grazing preference by sheep. AMF DNA from root and soil samples were then subjected to molecular analysis. Our results showed that AMF α-diversity (richness) at the virtual taxa (VT) level varied as a function of grazing intensity. Different VTs showed completely different responses along the gradient, one increasing, one decreasing and others showing no response. Glomeraceae was the most abundant AMF family along the grazing gradient, which fits well with the theory of disturbance tolerance of this group. In addition, sheep grazing preference for host plants did not explain a considerable variation in AMF α-diversity. However, the two grass species exhibited different community composition in their roots and rhizosphere soils. Roots exhibited a lower α-diversity and higher β-diversity within the AMF community than soils. Overall, our results suggest that long-term grazing intensity might have changed the abundance of functionally-diverse AMF taxa in favor of those with disturbance-tolerant traits. We suggest our results would be useful in informing the choice of mycorrhizal fungi indicator variables when assessing the impacts of grassland management choices on grassland ecosystem functioning.

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