scholarly journals Oral Prevotella Species and Their Connection to Events of Clinical Relevance in Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Tracts

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eija Könönen ◽  
Ulvi K. Gursoy
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
The Core ◽  
Prevotella Nigrescens ◽  
Prevotella Melaninogenica ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Prevotella Species ◽  
Lower Airways

Prevotella is recognized as one of the core anaerobic genera in the oral microbiome. In addition, members of this genus belong to microbial communities of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Several novel Prevotella species, most of them of oral origin, have been described, but limited knowledge is still available of their clinical relevance. Prevotella melaninogenica is among the anaerobic commensals on oral mucosae from early months of life onward, and other early colonizing Prevotella species in the oral cavity include Prevotella nigrescens and Prevotella pallens. Oral Prevotella species get constant access to the gastrointestinal tract via saliva swallowing and to lower airways via microaspiration. At these extra-oral sites, they play a role as commensals but also as potentially harmful agents on mucosal surfaces. The aim of this narrative review is to give an updated overview on the involvement of oral Prevotella species in gastrointestinal and respiratory health and disease.

IL-6 family cytokines in respiratory health and disease

Cytokine ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 155520
Author(s):  
Ruby E. Dawson ◽  
Brendan J. Jenkins ◽  
Mohamed I. Saad
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Health And Disease

scholarly journals Metatranscriptome of the Oral Microbiome in Health and Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 492-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Solbiati ◽  
J. Frias-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Health And Disease

scholarly journals OTUs clustering should be avoided for defining oral microbiome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Regueira-Iglesias ◽  
Lara Vazquez-Gonzalez ◽  
Carlos Balsa-Castro ◽  
Triana Blanco-Pintos ◽  
Victor Manuel Arce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Unit ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Archaeal Species ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Similarity Relationships

This in silico investigation aimed to: 1) evaluate a set of primer pairs with high coverage, including those most commonly used in the literature, to find the different oral species with 16S rRNA gene amplicon similarity/identity (ASI) values ≥97%; and 2) identify oral species that may be erroneously clustered in the same operational taxonomic unit (OTU) and ascertain whether they belong to distinct genera or other higher taxonomic ranks. Thirty-nine primer pairs were employed to obtain amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) from the complete genomes of 186 bacterial and 135 archaeal species. For each primer, ASVs without mismatches were aligned using BLASTN and their similarity values were obtained. Finally, we selected ASVs from different species with an ASI value ≥97% that were covered 100% by the query sequences. For each primer, the percentage of species-level coverage with no ASI≥97% (SC-NASI≥97%) was calculated. Based on the SC-NASI≥97% values, the best primer pairs were OP_F053-KP_R020 for bacteria (65.05%), KP_F018-KP_R002 for archaea (51.11%), and OP_F114-KP_R031 for bacteria and archaea together (52.02%). Eighty percent of the oral-bacteria and oral-archaea species shared an ASI≥97% with at least one other taxa, including Campylobacter, Rothia, Streptococcus, and Tannerella, which played conflicting roles in the oral microbiota. Moreover, around a quarter and a third of these two-by-two similarity relationships were between species from different bacteria and archaea genera, respectively. Furthermore, even taxa from distinct families, orders, and classes could be grouped in the same cluster. Consequently, irrespective of the primer pair used, OTUs constructed with a 97% similarity provide an inaccurate description of oral-bacterial and oral-archaeal species, greatly affecting microbial diversity parameters. As a result, clustering by OTUs impacts the credibility of the associations between some oral species and certain health and disease conditions. This limits significantly the comparability of the microbial diversity findings reported in oral microbiome literature.

scholarly journals Mucosal microbial parasites/symbionts in health and disease: an integrative overview

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (9) ◽  
pp. 1109-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Hirt
Keyword(s):  
Host Interactions ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
Species Being

AbstractMicrobial parasites adapted to thrive at mammalian mucosal surfaces have evolved multiple times from phylogenetically distant lineages into various extracellular and intracellular life styles. Their symbiotic relationships can range from commensalism to parasitism and more recently some host–parasites interactions are thought to have evolved into mutualistic associations too. It is increasingly appreciated that this diversity of symbiotic outcomes is the product of a complex network of parasites–microbiota–host interactions. Refinement and broader use of DNA based detection techniques are providing increasing evidence of how common some mucosal microbial parasites are and their host range, with some species being able to swap hosts, including from farm and pet animals to humans. A selection of examples will illustrate the zoonotic potential for a number of microbial parasites and how some species can be either disruptive or beneficial nodes in the complex networks of host–microbe interactions disrupting or maintaining mucosal homoeostasis. It will be argued that mucosal microbial parasitic diversity will represent an important resource to help us dissect through comparative studies the role of host–microbe interactions in both human health and disease.

scholarly journals The role of whey acidic protein four-disulfide-core proteins in respiratory health and disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 398 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Small ◽  
Declan F. Doherty ◽  
Caoifa M. Dougan ◽  
Sinéad Weldon ◽  
Clifford C. Taggart
Keyword(s):  
Protein Function ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Whey Acidic Protein ◽  
Acidic Protein ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Core Proteins ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Proteins ◽  
Potential Therapeutics

Abstract Members of the whey acidic protein (WAP) or WAP four-disulfide-core (WFDC) family of proteins are a relatively under-explored family of low molecular weight proteins. The two most prominent WFDC proteins, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and elafin (or the precursor, trappin-2), have been shown to possess multiple functions including anti-protease, anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties. It is therefore of no surprise that both SLPI and elafin/trappin-2 have been developed as potential therapeutics. Given the abundance of SLPI and elafin/trappin-2 in the human lung, most work in the area of WFDC research has focused on the role of WFDC proteins in protecting the lung from proteolytic attack. In this review, we will outline the current evidence regarding the expanding role of WFDC protein function with a focus on WFDC activity in lung disease as well as emerging data regarding the function of some of the more recently described WFDC proteins.

scholarly journals The scientific standing of psychoanalysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Solms
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Core ◽  
Psychoanalytic Treatment ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Scientific Claims

This paper summarises the core scientific claims of psychoanalysis and rebuts the prejudice that it is not ‘evidence-based’. I address the following questions. (A) How does the emotional mind work, in health and disease? (B) Therefore, what does psychoanalytic treatment aim to achieve? (C) How effective is it?

scholarly journals Oral Microbiome Metabarcoding in Two Invasive Small Mammals from New Zealand

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Arsalan Emami-Khoyi ◽  
Isma Benmazouz ◽  
Adrian M. Paterson ◽  
James G. Ross ◽  
Elaine C. Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Massively Parallel Sequencing ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Brushtail Possum ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
The Core ◽  
Invasive Mammals ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Study Species ◽  
Functional Content

All multicellular organisms host a wide diversity of microorganisms in and on their bodies, which are collectively known as their microbiome. Characterising microbial communities that inhabit different body niches in wild animals is critical to better understand the dynamics of microbiome diversityand its functional significance. The current study is the first to apply massively parallel sequencing of 16S rRNA to characterise the microbial diversity and functional content of oral microbiota in two of New Zealand’s most important invasive mammals, the omnivorous common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) and the carnivorous stoat (Mustela erminea). In total, strains of bacteria belonging to 19 different phyla, 27 classes, 52 orders, 103 families, 163 genera and 51 known species were identified from the oral cavities of the study species. Strains of the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria dominated the core oral microbial diversity in both species, while other taxa were comparatively less abundant. Despite invasive populations typically demonstrating limited genetic variation, intraspecific variation of the core bacterial taxa in the oral microbiota was considerable. This suggests that a complex interaction between genetic, physiological, and environmental factors determines the diversity of the study species’oral microbiome.

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