scholarly journals Daidzein Alleviates Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Hyperactivity, Ameliorates Depression-Like Behavior, and Partly Rectifies Circulating Cytokine Imbalance in Two Rodent Models of Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Chen ◽  
Xiaokun Wang ◽  
Yunpeng Zhang ◽  
Hequan Zhong ◽  
Cuiting Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Learned Helplessness ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Mental Health Disorder ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Simultaneous Evaluation ◽  
Antidepressant Effects

Depression is one very common mental health disorder which can cause morbidity and mortality if not addressed. Recent studies have provided strong evidence that depression may be accompanied by immune activation, secondary inflammatory reaction, and hyperactivity of the Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis. It is well-known that it takes at least 2 weeks for conventional antidepressants, especially SSRIs (Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) to produce effects. To better understand the mechanism of antidepressant effects on depression and subsequently further elucidate the pathogenesis of depression, we selected phytestrogen daidzein (DD) to observe its effects on the depression-like and anxiety-like behavior in two different rodent models of depression which were induced by learned helplessness and chronic mild stress (CMS) and then simultaneous evaluation of the depression-like behavior, the activity of HPA axis, and circulatory cytokines. Our results showed that daidzein attenuated depression-like behaviors through alleviating HPA axis hyperactivity, decreasing the levels of stress-related hormones, and partly rectifying some inflammatory cytokines imbalance in both the rodent models of depression.

scholarly journals Total Flavonoids Extracted from Xiaobuxin-Tang on the Hyperactivity of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Chronically Stressed Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei An ◽  
You-Zhi Zhang ◽  
Xin-Min Liu ◽  
Neng-Jiang Yu ◽  
Hong-Xia Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal

Our previous studies have demonstrated that the total flavonoids (XBXT-2) isolated from the extract of Xiaobuxin-Tang (XBXT), a traditional Chinese herbal decoction, ameliorated behavioral alterations and hippocampal dysfunctions in chronically stressed rats. Studies over the last decades have suggested that the hyperactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is one of the most consistent findings in stress-related depression. Herein, we used the same chronic mild stress model of rats as before to further investigate the effect of XBXT-2 on the hyperactivity of HPA axis, including the stress hormones levels and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) expression. Our ELISA results showed that chronic administration of XBXT-2 (25, 50 mg kg−1, p.o., 28 days, the effective doses for behavioral responses) significantly decreased serum corticosterone level and its upstream stress hormone adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level in chronically stressed rats. Furthermore, western blotting result demonstrated XBXT-2 treatment ameliorated stress-induced decrease of GRs expression in hippocampus, an important target involved in the hyperactivity of HPA axis. These results were similar to that of classic antidepressant imipramine treatment (10 mg kg−1, p.o.). In conclusion, the modulation of HPA axis produced by XBXT-2, including the inhibition of stress hormones levels and up-regulation of hippocampal GRs expression, may be an important mechanism underlying its antidepressant-like effect in chronically stressed rats.

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responsivity to an acute novel stress in female rats subjected to the chronic mild stress paradigm

2019 ◽  
Vol 1723 ◽  
pp. 146402
Author(s):  
Guillermo A. Ariza Traslaviña ◽  
Fernanda Pedrosa Torres ◽  
Procópio Cleber Gama de Barcelos Filho ◽  
Fabiana Lucio-Oliveira ◽  
Celso Rodrigues Franci
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

scholarly journals N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Improved Depression via Neuroendocrine and Serotonergic System in Post-Menopausal Rats with Maternal Separation and Chronic Mild Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1199-1199
Author(s):  
Jeong-Eun Choi ◽  
Yongsoon Park
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Serotonin Level ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Total N ◽  
Serotonergic Pathway ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Hpa Axis Activity

Abstract Objectives The purpose of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that lifetime n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake improved depression through serotonergic pathway in post-menopausal rats with chronic mild stress (CMS) and maternal separation (MS). Methods Female rats were fed diets with 0% or 1 energy % n-3 PUFA during lifetime from embryonic day (ED) 0 to postnatal day (PND) 112, or 1% n-3 PUFA before weaning (ED 0-PND 20), or after weaning (PND 20–112). The rats in four diet group were allocated to brief separation from dam (non-MS group) or long-term separation (MS group) on PND 2–14, and then underwent CMS on PND 91–105 after ovariectomy. Thus, there were eight groups in total (n = 8/group). Results MS + CMS increased depressive behaviors, and modified hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, inflammation, serotonergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, and related miRNAs as compared to CMS alone. N-3 PUFA decreased depressive behaviors by decreasing immobility while increasing swimming during forced swim test, and increasing sucrose preference in rats with MS + CMS and with CMS. N-3 PUFA decreased HPA axis activity by modifying expressions of corticotrophin releasing factor and glucocorticoid receptor, and levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone. N-3 PUFA also reduced levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2, and miRNA-218, and increased serotonergic neurotransmission, including expressions of cAMP response element binding protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and serotonin 1A receptor, and serotonin level, and expression of miRNA-155. In addition, lifetime supplementation of n-3 PUFA had greater effect than pre- or post-supplementation. N-3 PUFA had no effect on glutamatergic pathway including α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptor and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Conclusions The present study suggested that lifetime n-3 PUFA improved depression in post-menopausal rats with MS + CMS through modulation of serotonergic pathway by decreasing HPA axis activity but not glutamatergic pathway. Funding Sources This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (NRF-2018R1A2B6002486).

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