Is music listening an effective intervention for reducing anxiety? A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies

Anxiety is the most commonly diagnosed mental health disorder in the EU and 18% of the US population experiences an anxiety disorder at any one time. However, only 20% of individuals experiencing anxiety receive a formally administered intervention, highlighting a need for evidence-based interventions that can be self-administered. Music listening can be flexibly self-administered and may be useful for anxiety reduction, but further evidence is needed. The current paper addressed this by conducting the first systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies testing music listening interventions for naturally occurring state anxiety. A protocol was registered on PROSPERO ID: CRD42018104308. Searches were carried out of the Cochrane Library, Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL databases, yielding 6208 records. After screening for eligibility, 24 controlled studies were included in the review and 21 were included in the meta-analysis. Results of the meta-analyses showed that music listening had an overall significant large effect on alleviating anxiety ( d = −0.77 [95% CI = −1.26, −0.28], k = 21). It was concluded that music listening is effective for reducing anxiety in a range of groups. Further research should focus on clinical groups with diagnosed mental health problems.

How to Deal with the Issues of Fertility, Malignancies, and the Postfinasteride Syndrome while Prescribing Finasteride for Male Pattern Hair Loss

Oral finasteride represented a breakthrough for treatment of male pattern hair loss (MPHL), with clinical studies having demonstrated high efficacy of treatment and a favorable safety profile. And yet, fertility issues, malignancy, and postfinasteride syndrome have been concerns of users and prescribers of the drug. Pre-existing mental health disorder may put patients at an increased risk of nocebo, while the prevalence of personality disorders in subjects with MPHL is known to be higher than in the general population, specifically histrionic personality disorder. We devised a system for patient selection and risk assessment, including fertility issues, regular PSA determinations, and specific mental health assessment. For those who choose regular prostate cancer screening, the use of finasteride meaningfully reduces the risk of prostate cancer. While gynecomastia is a known, rare adverse effect of finasteride, so far, studies support the view that exposure to finasteride is not associated with male breast cancer risk. Patient understanding and involvement are central to optimal treatment selection and active patient role in treatment.

The importance of relationships in the process of helping people suffering from schizophrenia

The article presents issues related to the importance of relationships in the process of helping people suffering from schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is one of the most severe mental-health disorder, in its course it often leads to mental disability. Therefore, the mental disability and initiating the recovery process of people with schizophrenia are the most important and central concepts of the text. Working with a patient suffering from schizophrenia aims at preventing disability and minimizing its consequences, and the success of these actions should be measured by the degree to which a disabled person is able to work independently, fulfil daily family and home duties and manage their free time. Creating a good or sufficiently good therapeutic relationship with a person suffering from schizophrenia is a complex configuration of many factors: from purely behavioural and information-sharing to those related to a sense of genuine closeness. The list of factors influencing creation of a therapeutic relationship can be elaborated based on various assumptions, some may emphasize the factor of patients' disability, others – cognitive deficits, and still others may be created based on existential assumptions. In this article, particular emphasis is placed on the area of psychosocial rehabilitation with its specific goals and the role of empathy and therapeutic relationship in the process of recovery of people with mental disorders.

Gambaran Depresi Pada Ibu Postpartum : Literature Review

Postpartum depression is a mental health disorder that appears after childbirth. Postpartum depression occurs in about 10-15% of mothers who give birth. Postpartum depression has a negative impact on the health status of the mother. It will also have an impact on the family and children because the mothers will refuse to see her baby. The mother’s interest in the newborn baby will decrease so that it will bring harm to the mother and baby. The purpose of this literature review study was to determine the description of depression in postpartum mothers. This literature review study accessed the Garuda Portal and PubMed databases. For Indonesian-language articles, the search was carried out using the keywords “depresi postpartum” or “depresipascapersalinan”, while English articles use the keywords “postpartum depression”. The critical assessment instrument used was the Hawker instrument. The data showed that most of the respondents were less than 35 years old (80%). The most education level was tertiary education (48%). Most of them were unemployed (62), and parity with primiparas (56%). The depression, measured by using EPDS, showed that 41% of the respondents were not depressed. The level of depression, measured by using PHQ-9,showed that 76% of the respondents experienced mild depression. Any new mom can experience postpartum depression. Therefore, new moms need to prepare themselves before and after giving birth to prevent postpartum depression. The literature review research is expected to be a reference for hospitals, educational institutions, and psychology researchers of postpartum depression.Keywords: Postpartum depression. AbstrakPostpartum depression merupakan gangguan kesehatan mental yang muncul pasca persalinan. Postpartum depression ini terjadi sekitar 10-15% pada ibu yang melahirkan. Depresi postpartum berdampak negatif terhadap status kesehatan ibu, selain itu juga akan berdampak pada keluarga dan anak karena ibu akan menolak untuk melihat bayinya, minat ibu pada bayi yang baru lahir akan berkurang bayinya sehingga akan mendatangkan kerugian bagi ibu dan bayinya. Untuk mengetahui gambaran depresi pada ibu postpartum. Penelitian literature review ini mengakses database Portal Garuda dan PubMed. Untuk artikel berbahasa Indonesia pencarian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kata kunci “depresi postpartum ”atau“ depresi pasca persalinan ”, sedangkan artikel berbahasa Inggris menggunakan kata kunci “depression postpartum”. Instrumen telaah kritis yang digunakan yaitu dengan menggunakan instrument Hawker. Data karakteristik responden berdasarkan usia ibu postpartum sebagian besar berusia <35 tahun (80%), tingkat pendidikan paling banyak berpendidikan Perguruan Tinggi (48%), pekerjaan sebagian besar tidak bekerja (62%), dan paritas dengan primipara (56%). Berdasarkan tingkat depresi yang diukur menggunakan EPDS (41%) responden tidak depresi dan tingkat depresi yang diukur menggunakan PHQ-9 (76%) responden mengalami depresi ringan. Depresi pasca persalinan dapat terjadi pada ibu yang baru saja melahirkan, maka ibu perlu mempersiapkan diri sebelum dan sesudah melahirkan untuk mencegah terjadinya depresi pada ibu postpartum. Penelitian literature review ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi bagi pihak rumah sakit, institusi pendidikan maupun peneliti mengenai aspek psikologis pada ibu yang mengalami depresi postpartum.Kata kunci :Depresi pasca persalinan.

The Association Between Mental Health Disorders and Non-Infectious Scleritis: A Prevalence Study and Review of the Literature

Chronic inflammatory diseases can cause significant psychosocial stress in affected patients. Few studies have examined the psychological effects of ocular inflammatory disease and no studies have examined the psychological effects of scleritis. In this study we evaluate the prevalence of mental health disorders in scleritis patients and we conduct a comprehensive review of the literature on the mental health effects of ocular inflammatory diseases. 162 patients (195 eyes) presenting to a tertiary care center with scleritis were identified. At least one comorbid mental health disorder was diagnosed in 35 patients (21.6%), most commonly major depression in 11.7%, generalized anxiety disorder in 9.3%, and substance use disorder in 6.2%. There were no significant differences in the length of an episode of scleritis or in the probability of symptom resolution between patients with a mental health disorder and other patients. In a review of the literature, 30 manuscripts met the inclusion criteria. The majority of manuscripts (83.3%) were focused on uveitis patients. Eight of these studies were focused on patients with uveitis in the context of systemic disease. The most commonly reported mental health disorders reported were anxiety and depression. An average of 31.3% of patients with ocular inflammatory disease had depression and 35.0% had anxiety. Similar to other chronic illnesses, ocular inflammatory disease may be a significant psychosocial stressor. Future studies will further elucidate the relationship between these diseases and mental health.

The effectiveness of occupational therapy for mental health disorders in primary care: A systematic review

Introduction Occupational therapy (OT) has a rich history of integrating physical and mental health care services, however, there is a limited evidence base regarding the effectiveness of OT interventions for mental health disorders in primary care. Methods A comprehensive systematic review was conducted from database inception through 31 January 2021. Eligible studies had to include: (1) an intervention that involved an occupational therapist in design and/or implementation; (2) a quantitative outcome assessing symptoms related to a mental health disorder; (3) a comparison group; and (4) primary care or community dwelling patients and/or primary care clinical settings. Results The researchers identified five studies and there was heterogeneity in the OT interventions. There were no significant differences between intervention and control groups in depression symptoms at different time intervals. Several trials employed interventions that involved interprofessional team members, including OTs, to provide training in specific strategies that promoted functioning. Other studies utilized only OTs within the intervention arm. OT interventions demonstrated no significant difference in anxiety in one study, however, another indicated a reduction in symptoms. The overall risk of bias was considered low in three studies and unclear in two studies. Conclusion There is limited evidence demonstrating the impact of OT interventions in primary care settings on quantitative outcomes measuring symptoms related to a mental health disorder. Given the heterogeneity of interventions and variation in reported findings, there is need for further pragmatic trials in this area.

Inequity in smoking cessation clinical trials testing pharmacotherapies: exclusion of smokers with mental health disorders

ObjectivesPeople suffering from mental health disorder (MHDs) are often under-represented in clinical research though the reasons for their exclusion are rarely recorded. As they have higher rates of smoking and nicotine dependence, it is crucial that they are adequately represented in clinical trials of established pharmacotherapy interventions for smoking cessation. This review aims to examine the practice of excluding smokers with MHDs and reasons for such exclusion in clinical trials evaluating pharmacotherapy treatments for smoking cessation.Data sourceThe Cochrane database of systematic reviews was searched until September 2020 for reviews on smoking cessation using pharmacotherapies.Study selectionRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) within the selected Cochrane reviews were included.Data extractionConducted by one author and independently verified by three authors.Data synthesisWe included 279 RCTs from 13 Cochrane reviews. Of all studies, 51 (18.3%) explicitly excluded participants with any MHDs, 152 (54.5%) conditionally excluded based on certain MHD criteria and 76 (27.2%) provided insufficient information to ascertain either inclusion or exclusion. Studies of antidepressant medications used for smoking cessation were found to be 3.33 times more likely (95% CI 1.38 to 8.01, p=0.007) to conditionally exclude smokers with MHDs than explicitly exclude compared with studies of nicotine replacement therapy.ConclusionSmokers with MHDs are not sufficiently represented in RCTs examining the safety and effectiveness of smoking cessation medications. Greater access to clinical trial participation needs to be facilitated for this group to better address access to appropriate pharmacotherapeutic interventions in this vulnerable population.

Conventional and complementary health care use and out-of-pocket expenses among Australians with a self-reported mental health diagnosis: a cross-sectional survey

Background Mental health disorders are a global health concern. In Australia, numerous national reports have found that the current mental healthcare system does not adequately meet the needs of Australians with mental illness. Consequently, a greater understanding of how people with a mental health disorder are using the broader healthcare system is needed. The aim of this paper is to explore conventional and complementary health care use and expenditure among Australian adults reporting a mental health disorder diagnosis. Methods A cross-sectional online survey of 2,019 Australian adults examined socio-demographic characteristics, complementary and conventional health care use and the health status of participants. Results 32 % (n = 641) of the total sample (N = 2019) reported a mental health disorder in the previous 3 years. Of these, 96 % reported consulting a general practitioner, 90.6 % reported using prescription medicines, 42.4 % consulted a complementary medicine practitioner, 56.9 % used a complementary medicine product and 23 % used a complementary medicine practice. The estimated 12-month out-of-pocket health care expenditure among Australians with a mental health disorder was AUD$ 4,568,267,421 (US$ 3,398,293,672) for conventional health care practitioners and medicines, and AUD$ 1,183,752,486 (US$ 880,729,891) for complementary medicine practitioners, products and practices. Older people (50–59 and 60 and over) were less likely to consult a CM practitioner (OR = 0.538, 95% CI [0.373, 0.775]; OR = 0.398, 95% CI [0.273, 0.581] respectively) or a psychologist/counsellor (OR = 0.394, 95% CI [0.243, 0.639]; OR = 0.267, 95% CI [0.160, 0.447] respectively). People either looking for work or not in the workforce were less likely to visit a CM practitioner (OR = 0.298, 95% CI [0.194, 0.458]; OR = 0.476, 95% CI [0.353, 0.642], respectively). Conclusions A substantial proportion of Australian adults living with a mental health disorder pay for both complementary and conventional health care directly out-of-pocket. This finding suggests improved coordination of healthcare services is needed for individuals living with a mental health disorder. Research examining the redesign of primary health care provision should also consider whether complementary medicine practitioners and/or integrative health care service delivery models could play a role in addressing risks associated with complementary medicine use and the unmet needs of people living with a mental health disorder.

Home-based exercise program for adolescents with juvenile dermatomyositis quarantined during COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed methods study

Background Exercise has been suggested to prevent deterioration of health-related quality of life (HRQL) and overall health in pediatric rheumatologic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein we describe the effects of a 12-week, home-based, exercise program on overall health and quality of life among quarantined patients with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). Method This prospective, quasi-experimental, mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) study was conducted between July and December 2020, during the most restricted period of COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. The home-based exercise program consisted of a 12-week, three-times-a-week, aerobic and strengthening (bodyweight) training program. Qualitative data were systematically evaluated. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQOL) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) evaluate symptoms of mental health disorder, HRQL, and quality of sleep. Findings 11 patients (out of 27) met the inclusion criteria (91% female; mean ± SD age: 13.5 ± 3.2 years). Adherence to the intervention was 72.6%. Barriers to exercise involved poor internet connectivity, excessive weekly sessions, and other commitments. Even though not statistically significant, Self-report SDQ subscales Total Difficulties Score, Emotional Problems Score, and PedsQOL School Functioning Score improved after intervention (− 2.4; 95%confidence interval [CI] -5.1; 0.2, p = 0.06; − 1.0; 95%CI -2.2; 0.2, p = 0.09 and; 11.7; 95%CI -2.5; 25.8, p = 0.09, respectively). Remaining SDQ subscales were not altered. Six themes emerged from patients’ and parents’ comments (qualitative results). Patients engaged in exercise reported other health-related benefits including increased motivation, concentration and strength. Interpretation A home-based exercise program was associated with qualitative perceptions of improvements in overall health and HRQL by quarantined adolescents with JDM during COVID-19 pandemic. Lessons from this trial may help developing interventions focused on tackling physical inactivity in JDM.

Menyoal Gangguan Kesehatan Mental Deviasi Seksual Fetish

This article aims to explain a dangerous form of sexual deviation where the perpetrator uses sexual gratification with sexually oriented inanimate or inanimate objects known as fetishes. Fetish behavior is a form of sexual deviation where the sexual activity carried out is carried out improperly to get sexual pleasure. This deviant behavior is very dangerous, because the perpetrators tend to use sexual objects that are unnatural or abnormal. Deviant sexual behavior if not above will lead to sexual behavior that is growing and even leads to prolonged stress. This is because the perpetrators cannot channel their deviant sexual desires and also have an impact on a person's mental health disorder. The research method used in writing this journal is a literature study based on case studies. The results of the analysis obtained data that fetish sexual deviation behavior in mental health can be treated through Islamic therapy to suppress deviations committed by perpetrators.