scholarly journals Impaired Adaptation and Laminar Processing of the Oddball Paradigm in the Primary Visual Cortex of Fmr1 KO Mouse

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandr Pak ◽  
Samuel T. Kissinger ◽  
Alexander A. Chubykin
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Novelty Detection ◽  
Sensory Perception ◽  
The Other ◽  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Contextual Processing ◽  
Feature Adaptation ◽  
Sensory Overload

Both adaptation and novelty detection are an integral part of sensory processing. Recent animal oddball studies have advanced our understanding of circuitry underlying contextual processing in early sensory areas. However, it is unclear how adaptation and mismatch (MM) responses depend on the tuning properties of neurons and their laminar position. Furthermore, given that reduced habituation and sensory overload are among the hallmarks of altered sensory perception in autism, we investigated how oddball processing might be altered in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome (FX). Using silicon probe recordings and a novel spatial frequency (SF) oddball paradigm, we discovered that FX mice show reduced adaptation and enhanced MM responses compared to control animals. Specifically, we found that adaptation is primarily restricted to neurons with preferred oddball SF in FX compared to WT mice. Mismatch responses, on the other hand, are enriched in the superficial layers of WT animals but are present throughout lamina in FX animals. Last, we observed altered neural dynamics in FX mice in response to stimulus omissions. Taken together, we demonstrated that reduced feature adaptation coexists with impaired laminar processing of oddball responses, which might contribute to altered sensory perception in FX syndrome and autism.

scholarly journals Differential processing and habituation in distinct spatial frequency channels in V1 of a mouse model of fragile X syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandr Pak ◽  
Samuel T. Kissinger ◽  
Alexander A. Chubykin
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Novelty Detection ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Global Pattern ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Spatial Frequencies

AbstractExtraction of both common and unique features across different visual inputs is crucial for animal survival. Regularities in the visual input lead to learning of the general principles governing an environment, whereas unique features are important for novelty detection. Low and high spatial frequencies (SF) represent two different channels of visual perception, which may be playing different roles in the processing of global pattern and local details. Alterations in the processing of these different SF channels may lead to impaired visual perception. Excessive detail-oriented processing and reduced habituation to sensory stimuli are some of the hallmarks of altered sensory perception in autism. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of these impairments are not understood. To gain insight into the pathophysiology of these impairments, we investigated the low and high SF channels in V1 of Fmr1 KO mice, the mouse model of Fragile X syndrome (FX). We first provide behavioral evidence for reduced habituation of both pupillary baseline and surprise responses in FX mice. Using silicon probe recordings, we demonstrate excessive processing of high SF stimuli in the late stages of visual responses in V1 of FX mice. We then show a reduced adaptation during a visual oddball paradigm in neurons preferring low but not high SF. Overall, our findings suggest that altered processing in distinct SF channels might contribute to altered visual perception and learning in FX and autism.

scholarly journals Comparability of signed and spoken languages: Absolute and relative modality effects in cross-modal typology

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-562
Author(s):  
Ulrike Zeshan ◽  
Nick Palfreyman
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Sensory Perception ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
Linguistic Structure ◽  
Modality Effects ◽  
Inductive Approach

AbstractThis article sets out a conceptual framework and typology of modality effects in the comparison of signed and spoken languages. This is essential for a theory of cross-modal typology. We distinguish between relative modality effects, where a linguistic structure is markedly more common in one modality than in the other, and absolute modality effects, where a structure does not occur in one of the modalities at all. Using examples from a wide variety of sign languages, we discuss examples at the levels of phonology, morphology (including numerals, negation, and aspect) and semantics. At the phonological level, the issue of iconically motivated sub-lexical components in signs, and parallels with sound symbolism in spoken languages, is particularly pertinent. Sensory perception metaphors serve as an example for semantic comparison across modalities. Advocating an inductive approach to cross-modal comparison, we discuss analytical challenges in defining what is comparable across the signed and spoken modalities, and in carrying out such comparisons in a rigorous and empirically substantiated way.

La logique de la preuve dans la littérature bartoliste Quelques explications à partir de la Summa circa testes et examinationem eorum (Ms. Bruxelles, B.R., II 1442, fol. 101 ra – 103 rb)

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 249-271
Author(s):  
Yves Mausen
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Perception ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Minor Premise ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Logical Point ◽  
The One

Abstract The logic of evidence in Bartolistic literature, A reading of the Summa circa testes et examinationem eorum (Ms. Bruxelles, B.R., II 1442, fol.101 ra – 103 rb). – Bartolus teaches how to read testimonies from a logical point of view. On the one hand, the facts that the witness recounts constitute the minor premise of a syllogism, its conclusion being their legal characterization; therefore he is prohibited from pronouncing directly on any legal matter. On the other hand, given that the witness' knowledge of the facts has to stem from sensory perception, the information he provides has at least to constitute the minor premise of another syllogism, making for establishing the causa of his testimony.

Summary

2019 ◽  
pp. 264-266
Author(s):  
Alan J. McComas
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physiological Feature ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Sensory Features ◽  
Abundant Evidence ◽  
Rhythmical Activity ◽  
Neurophysiological Activity

This chapter summarizes the key points of the preceding chapters and embarks on a number of speculations. It shows that the strength of the evidence for each of the preceding statements varies. On one hand, some propositions are based merely on the supposition that it would make sense if an anatomical or physiological feature functioned in a certain way (such as sensory processing by back-projections). On the other hand, the proposition for “time-chunking” seems irrefutable in view of the abundant evidence from masking experiments. Further, given the existence of time-chunking, then not only is the case for binding of sensory features by common rhythmical activity untenable, but one can also then look for neurophysiological activity that would fit in with time-chunking. Ultimately, this chapter presents both of these key speculations and the evidence for them and leaves the reader to decide for themselves.

scholarly journals Visual Behavior Impairments as an Aberrant Sensory Processing in the Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Felgerolle ◽  
Betty Hébert ◽  
Maryvonne Ardourel ◽  
Géraldine Meyer-Dilhet ◽  
Arnaud Menuet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Visual Behavior

Elaborating Analogies of Time Perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-268
Author(s):  
Rosemary Mountain
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Electroacoustic Music ◽  
Musical Work ◽  
Current Version ◽  
Multiple Sampling ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Auditory Systems ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Sensory Overload

Using a mixture of physiological evidence and analogies of time, the author describes the current version of a model of how we might view our interactions with time in music and beyond. An older model designed for analysis of complex twentieth-century acoustic works is updated to incorporate varied profiles of electroacoustic music. Recent research in auditory systems corroborates that we receive different types of information simultaneously through different channels, each taking more or less periodic sampling from different bands of frequencies – from timbre to phrase length and beyond. In order to acknowledge both the primitive structures of our complex hearing mechanisms and the different profiles of listeners, it is suggested that this multiple-sampling strategy may operate in a parallel way at a much larger scale, thereby allowing us to integrate the listener’s preference for pacing, contrast and densities of activity into the sensory processing of a musical work. The article is enriched by insights from soundscape pioneer Hildegard Westerkamp relating to various aspects of the discussion, from sensory overload to ecological concerns to the natural rallentando of a soundwalk. Finally, a whimsical elaboration based on the analogy of time as a river is presented in order to incorporate a more organic set of characteristics into our appreciation of music and time.

Learning Factorial Codes by Predictability Minimization

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 863-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Schmidhuber
Keyword(s):  
Unsupervised Learning ◽  
Supervised Learning ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Novelty Detection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Local Algorithm ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Internal Representations

I propose a novel general principle for unsupervised learning of distributed nonredundant internal representations of input patterns. The principle is based on two opposing forces. For each representational unit there is an adaptive predictor, which tries to predict the unit from the remaining units. In turn, each unit tries to react to the environment such that it minimizes its predictability. This encourages each unit to filter "abstract concepts" out of the environmental input such that these concepts are statistically independent of those on which the other units focus. I discuss various simple yet potentially powerful implementations of the principle that aim at finding binary factorial codes (Barlow et al. 1989), i.e., codes where the probability of the occurrence of a particular input is simply the product of the probabilities of the corresponding code symbols. Such codes are potentially relevant for (1) segmentation tasks, (2) speeding up supervised learning, and (3) novelty detection. Methods for finding factorial codes automatically implement Occam's razor for finding codes using a minimal number of units. Unlike previous methods the novel principle has a potential for removing not only linear but also nonlinear output redundancy. Illustrative experiments show that algorithms based on the principle of predictability minimization are practically feasible. The final part of this paper describes an entirely local algorithm that has a potential for learning unique representations of extended input sequences.

scholarly journals Aberrant Rac1-cofilin signaling mediates defects in dendritic spines, synaptic function, and sensory perception in fragile X syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (504) ◽  
pp. eaan0852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Pyronneau ◽  
Qionger He ◽  
Jee-Yeon Hwang ◽  
Morgan Porch ◽  
Anis Contractor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Dendritic Spines ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Sensory Perception ◽  
Synaptic Function

scholarly journals An Internal Model Architecture for Novelty Detection: Implications for Cerebellar and Collicular Roles in Sensory Processing

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e44560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean R. Anderson ◽  
John Porrill ◽  
Martin J. Pearson ◽  
Anthony G. Pipe ◽  
Tony J. Prescott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Internal Model ◽  
Novelty Detection

scholarly journals Cellular and Synaptic Phenotype Compensations Limit Circuit Disruption in Fmr1-KO Mouse Layer 4 Barrel Cortex but Fail to Prevent Deficits in Information Processing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander P.F. Domanski ◽  
Sam A. Booker ◽  
David J.A. Wyllie ◽  
John T.R. Isaac ◽  
Peter C. Kind
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Sensory Hypersensitivity ◽  
Layer 4 ◽  
Network Simulations ◽  
Sensory Encoding ◽  
Critical Process

AbstractSensory hypersensitivity is a common and debilitating feature of neurodevelopmental disorders such as Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). However, how developmental changes in neuronal function ultimately culminate in the network dysfunction that underlies sensory hypersensitivities is not known. To address this, we studied the layer 4 barrel cortex circuit in Fmr1 knockout mice, a critical sensory processing circuit in this mouse model of FXS. By systematically studying cellular and synaptic properties of layer 4 neurons and combining with cellular and network simulations, we explored how the array of phenotypes in Fmr1 knockout produce circuit pathology during development that result in sensory processing dysfunction. We show that many of the cellular and synaptic pathologies in Fmr1 knockout mice are antagonistic, mitigating circuit dysfunction, and hence can be regarded as compensatory to the primary pathology. Despite this compensation, the layer 4 network in the Fmr1 knockout exhibits significant alterations in spike output in response to ascending thalamocortical input that we show results in impaired sensory encoding. We suggest that it is this developmental loss of layer 4 sensory encoding precision that drives subsequent developmental alterations in layer 4 – layer 2/3 connectivity and plasticity observed in the Fmr1 knockout, and is a critical process producing sensory hypersensitivity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document