scholarly journals A Ketogenic Diet and the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinrui Li ◽  
Jingjing Liang ◽  
Na Fu ◽  
Ying Han ◽  
Jiong Qin
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Stereotyped Behavior ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by stereotyped behavior and deficits in communication and social interaction. There are no curative treatments for children with ASD. The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, appropriate-protein, and low-carbohydrate diet that mimics the fasting state of the body and is proven beneficial in drug-resistant epilepsy and some other brain diseases. An increasing number of studies demonstrated that a KD improved autistic behavior, but the underlying mechanisms are not known. We reviewed the neuroprotective role of a KD in ASD, which is likely mediated via improvements in energy metabolism, reductions in antioxidative stress levels, control of neurotransmitters, inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, and modulation of the gut microbiota. A KD is likely a safe and effective treatment for ASD.

scholarly journals PSYCHOMOTRICITY AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (07) ◽  
pp. 278-287
Author(s):  
Houria ABCHICHE ◽  
Wahiba Guıraa HATEM
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Stereotyped Behavior ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Restricted Interests ◽  
Specific Practice

Autism spectrum disorder is considered to be a global problem, as it has no definitive treatment, with unknown etiology, complexity of diagnosis and increasing spread throughout the world and in Algeria in particular.The latest version of the DSM-5 is based on two diagnostic criteria: lack of communication and social interaction; stereotyped behavior and restricted interests. Diagnosis is carried out by a team of specialists by collecting information, applying tests, and establishing a differential diagnosis. The efforts of specialists and researchers have contributed to the development of ways to take care of children with this disorder, as it helps them develop their skills and increase their independence and integration into society. Among these therapeutic interventions, we find psychomotor therapy, as the subject of this research. Psychomotricity consists of a specific practice focusing on the body, with the aim of alleviating sensorimotor and psychomotor disorders which are sometimes very disabling. The technique of playing is widely used according to the principles of kinetic psychology. The purpos of this paper is to make autism, its diagnosis and intervention methods known and to prove the efficiency of psychomotor intervention by analyzing the scientific literature. The importance of this topic lies in its enrichment of the literary balance, given its treatment of an important issue for society, and it’s interesting on the psychomotor intervention that is highly relied upon in the centers of care for children with autism, and an important return in terms of the development of their abilities.

Effect of physical therapy on 7- to 10-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder: A retrospective study in a university day hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-404
Author(s):  
Jokthan Guivarch ◽  
Elisabeth Jouve ◽  
Elodie Avenel ◽  
François Poinso ◽  
Laura Conforti-Roussel
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Dance Movement ◽  
Cascading Effect

More than half of children who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suffer from motor impairment. In a retrospective study, the authors investigated the effect of a body-mediated workshop with dance movement therapy (DMT) on the motor skills and social skills of children with ASD by comparing 10 autistic children aged 7 to 10 years who benefited from DMT with 10 autistic children in a control group. Scores on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale were compared. The body-mediated workshop had significant benefits for motricity, especially manual dexterity, and for relational skills. A body-mediated workshop may have a multimodal effect and requires transmodal training. Regarding the mechanisms that explain the benefits and the cascading effect, the roles of imitation and multimodal connections are important.

scholarly journals Ketogenic diet improves behaviors in a maternal immune activation model of autism spectrum disorder

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. e0171643 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Ruskin ◽  
Michelle I. Murphy ◽  
Sierra L. Slade ◽  
Susan A. Masino
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Activation Model ◽  
Maternal Immune Activation

scholarly journals Ability of Children with Learning Disabilities and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder to Recognize Feelings from Facial Expressions and Body Language

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alev Girli ◽  
Sıla Doğmaz
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Body Language ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Face

In this study, children with learning disability (LD) were compared with children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in terms of identifying emotions from photographs with certain face and body expressions. The sampleconsisted of a total of 82 children aged 7-19 years living in Izmir in Turkey. A total of 6 separate sets of slides,consisting of black and white photographs, were used to assess participants’ ability to identify feelings – 3 sets forfacial expressions, and 3 sets for body language. There were 20 photographs on the face slides and 38 photographson the body language slides. The results of the nonparametric Mann Whitney-U test showed no significant differencebetween the total scores that children received from each of the face and body language slide sets. It was observedthat the children with LD usually looked at the whole photo, while the children with ASD focused especially aroundthe mouth to describe feelings. The results that were obtained were discussed in the context of the literature, andsuggestions were presented.

scholarly journals The Effects of Rhythm and Robotic Interventions on the Imitation/Praxis, Interpersonal Synchrony, and Motor Performance of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudha M. Srinivasan ◽  
Maninderjit Kaur ◽  
Isabel K. Park ◽  
Timothy D. Gifford ◽  
Kerry L. Marsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Interpersonal Synchrony

We assessed the effects of three interventions, rhythm, robotic, and standard-of-care, on the imitation/praxis, interpersonal synchrony, and overall motor performance of 36 children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) between 5 and 12 years of age. Children were matched on age, level of functioning, and services received, prior to random assignment to one of the three groups. Training was provided for 8 weeks with 4 sessions provided each week. We assessed generalized changes in motor skills from the pretest to the posttest using a standardized test of motor performance, the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, 2nd edition (BOT-2). We also assessed training-specific changes in imitation/praxis and interpersonal synchrony during an early and a late session. Consistent with the training activities practiced, the rhythm and robot groups improved on the body coordination composite of the BOT-2, whereas the comparison group improved on the fine manual control composite of the BOT-2. All three groups demonstrated improvements in imitation/praxis. The rhythm and robot groups also showed improved interpersonal synchrony performance from the early to the late session. Overall, socially embedded movement-based contexts are valuable in promoting imitation/praxis, interpersonal synchrony, and motor performance and should be included within the standard-of-care treatment for children with ASD.

scholarly journals Ketogenic diet modifies the gut microbiota in a murine model of autism spectrum disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Newell ◽  
Marc R. Bomhof ◽  
Raylene A. Reimer ◽  
Dustin S. Hittel ◽  
Jong M. Rho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder

scholarly journals N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antibody in relation to autism spectrum disorder (ASD): presence and association with symptom profile

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba Hamed Elshahawi ◽  
Ghada Refaat Amin Taha ◽  
Hanan Mohamed Ezzeldin Azzam ◽  
Reem H. El Ghamry ◽  
Ahmed Adel Mohammad Abdelgawad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Stereotyped Behavior ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
Stereotyped Behaviors ◽  
Autistic Regression

Abstract Background Several studies pointed to immune dysregulation abnormalities linked to autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Of those, several autoantibodies had been identified. Recent findings of N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) antibodies in autoimmune encephalitis suggested that it caused symptoms like autistic regression. Thus, the purpose of the study was to test for the presence of anti-NMDAR antibodies in the ASD disorder population and to correlate this with the clinical findings. Results Eighty-seven autistic children, 4–12 years old, were enrolled in the study and were matched with sixty typically developing children used as controls. The diagnosis of cases was confirmed by ADOS-2 and clinical evaluation. None of the control children had positive anti-NMDAR antibodies, while 26.4% (23 children) of the patients’ group were positive for serum anti-NMDA receptor antibodies (> 200 pg/ml, p = 0.0157). The positive anti-NMDAR antibody was statistically correlated with better speech stage (p = 0.017), more severe stereotyped behavior (p ≤ 0.001), and abnormal EEG findings (p = 0.025). Conclusions There is a possibility of the presence of anti-NMDAR antibodies in the autism spectrum disorder population with certain characteristics, especially the severity of the stereotyped behaviors.

Effect of a ketogenic diet on autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Castro ◽  
Larissa Slongo Faccioli ◽  
Diego Baronio ◽  
Carmem Gottfried ◽  
Ingrid Schweigert Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder
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