scholarly journals A de novo Variant of ASXL1 Is Associated With an Atypical Phenotype of Bohring-Opitz Syndrome: Case Report and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqing Zhao ◽  
Xiao Hu ◽  
Ye Liu ◽  
Xike Wang ◽  
Yun Chen ◽  
...  

Bohring-Opitz syndrome (BOS) is a rare genetic disease first reported by Bohring et al. in 1999. With the recent development of exome sequencing (ES), de novo truncating mutations in the additional sex-combs-like 1 (ASXL1) gene have been causally implicated in BOS. Herein, we describe a 7-month-old girl with intrauterine growth restriction, severe pulmonary infection, seizures, and craniofacial abnormalities (microcephaly, micro/retrognathia, hypertelorism, depressed nasal bridge, low-set ears and hypertrichosis) at birth. At a later stage, the patient developed global developmental delay. We performed ES and identified a de novo heterozygous mutation in ASXL1, namely, c.1210C>T/p.R404*. However, this case did not have trigonocephaly, facial hemangioma, prominent eyes, myopia, BOS posture, or brain abnormalities (enlarged subarachnoid spaces, agenesis of the corpus callosum, moderately enlarged cerebral ventricles, or prominent frontal subarachnoid spaces), which are common characteristics in most patients with BOS-harboring ASXL1 mutations. These new data expand the phenotype of BOS driven by ASXL1 and may assist in more accurately delineating the phenotypes caused by variants of this gene.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijaya Verma ◽  
Amit Mandora ◽  
Abhijeet Botre ◽  
James Premdoss Clement

Abstract Background : Exome sequencing is a prominent tool to identify novel and deleterious mutations which could be nonsense, frameshift, and canonical splice-site mutations in a specific gene. De novo mutations in SYNGAP1 , which codes for synaptic RAS-GTPase activating the protein, causes Intellectual disability (ID) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). SYNGAP1 related ASD/ID is one of the rare diseases that is detrimental to the normal neuronal developmental and disrupts the global development of a child. Results: We report a case of a child of 2-year old with global developmental delay, microcephaly subtle dysmorphism, absence seizures, disrupted sleep, delay in learning a language, and eating problems. Upon further validation, the child has a few traits of ASD. Here, based on focused exome sequencing, we report a de novo heterozygous mutation in SYNGAP1 exon 11 with c. 1861 C>T (p.arg612ter). Currently, the child is on atorvastatin and has shown considerable improvement in global behaviour and cognitive development. The long-term follow up of the child’s development would contribute to the already existing knowledge of the developmental trajectory in individuals with SYNGAP1 heterozygous mutation. Conclusion: In this report, we discuss the finding of a novel mutation in one of the genes, SYNGAP1 , implicated in ASD/ID. In addition, we discuss the current treatment prescribed to the patient and the progress of global developmental of the child.


2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1127-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Hiraide ◽  
Hikari Kaba Yasui ◽  
Mitsuhiro Kato ◽  
Mitsuko Nakashima ◽  
Hirotomo Saitsu

Seizure ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 31-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Kolnikova ◽  
Martina Skopkova ◽  
Denisa Ilencikova ◽  
Tomas Foltan ◽  
Jaroslava Payerova ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
N. G. Lyukshina ◽  
A. A. Sharkov ◽  
E. N. Tolmacheva

Developmental encephalopathy with epilepsy or epileptic encephalopathy, associated with a heterozygous mutation in the IRF2BPL gene, is a rare severe disorder. It’s manifested by developmental delay or regression of skills until or after epilepsy onset. Patients have a specific facial phenotype, movement disorders with dystonia and choreoathetosis, ataxia, dysarthria, dysmetria, and dysdiadochokinesis. Epilepsy is a common manifestation of the disease (around 70 % of cases), from the age of 6 months to 26 years. Semiology of seizures is vary, including infantile spasms, myoclonic, tonic or clonic seizures with nonspecific electroencephalographic changes. magnetic resonance imaging shows normal brain development at an early age and cortical and cerebellar atrophy developing over time. The authors present a clinical case describing a patient with a causative de novo variant (c.2152delT) in the IRF2BPL gene in Russia.This patient was included to common table in an article entitled “De novo truncating variants in the intronless IRF2BPL are responsible for developmental epileptic encephalopathy” (DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0143-0).


Author(s):  
А.Р. Зарипова ◽  
Л.Р. Нургалиева ◽  
А.В. Тюрин ◽  
И.Р. Минниахметов ◽  
Р.И. Хусаинова

Проведено исследование гена интерферон индуцированного трансмембранного белка 5 (IFITM5) у 99 пациентов с несовершенным остеогенезом (НО) из 86 неродственных семей. НО - клинически и генетически гетерогенное наследственное заболевание соединительной ткани, основное клиническое проявление которого - множественные переломы, начиная с неонатального периода жизни, зачастую приводящие к инвалидизации с детского возраста. К основным клиническим признакам НО относятся голубые склеры, потеря слуха, аномалия дентина, повышенная ломкость костей, нарушения роста и осанки с развитием характерных инвалидизирующих деформаций костей и сопутствующих проблем, включающих дыхательные, неврологические, сердечные, почечные нарушения. НО встречается как у мужчин, так и у женщин. До сих пор не определена степень генетической гетерогенности заболевания. На сегодняшний день известно 20 генов, вовлеченных в патогенез НО, и исследователи разных стран продолжают искать новые гены. В последнее десятилетие стало известно, что аутосомно-рецессивные, аутосомно-доминантные и Х-сцепленные мутации в широком спектре генов, кодирующих белки, которые участвуют в синтезе коллагена I типа, его процессинге, секреции и посттрансляционной модификации, а также в белках, которые регулируют дифференцировку и активность костеобразующих клеток, вызывают НО. Мутации в гене IFITM5, также называемом BRIL (bone-restricted IFITM-like protein), участвующем в формировании остеобластов, приводят к развитию НО типа V. До 5% пациентов имеют НО типа V, который характеризуется образованием гиперпластического каллуса после переломов, кальцификацией межкостной мембраны предплечья и сетчатым рисунком ламелирования, наблюдаемого при гистологическом исследовании кости. В 2012 г. гетерозиготная мутация (c.-14C> T) в 5’-нетранслируемой области (UTR) гена IFITM5 была идентифицирована как основная причина НО V типа. В представленной работе проведен анализ гена IFITM5 и идентифицирована мутация c.-14C>T, возникшая de novo, у одного пациента с НО, которому впоследствии был установлен V тип заболевания. Также выявлены три известных полиморфных варианта: rs57285449; c.80G>C (p.Gly27Ala) и rs2293745; c.187-45C>T и rs755971385 c.279G>A (p.Thr93=) и один ранее не описанный вариант: c.128G>A (p.Ser43Asn) AGC>AAC (S/D), которые не являются патогенными. В статье уделяется внимание особенностям клинических проявлений НО V типа и рекомендуется определение мутации c.-14C>T в гене IFITM5 при подозрении на данную форму заболевания. A study was made of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 5 gene (IFITM5) in 99 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) from 86 unrelated families and a search for pathogenic gene variants involved in the formation of the disease phenotype. OI is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous hereditary disease of the connective tissue, the main clinical manifestation of which is multiple fractures, starting from the natal period of life, often leading to disability from childhood. The main clinical signs of OI include blue sclera, hearing loss, anomaly of dentin, increased fragility of bones, impaired growth and posture, with the development of characteristic disabling bone deformities and associated problems, including respiratory, neurological, cardiac, and renal disorders. OI occurs in both men and women. The degree of genetic heterogeneity of the disease has not yet been determined. To date, 20 genes are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of OI, and researchers from different countries continue to search for new genes. In the last decade, it has become known that autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant and X-linked mutations in a wide range of genes encoding proteins that are involved in the synthesis of type I collagen, its processing, secretion and post-translational modification, as well as in proteins that regulate the differentiation and activity of bone-forming cells cause OI. Mutations in the IFITM5 gene, also called BRIL (bone-restricted IFITM-like protein), involved in the formation of osteoblasts, lead to the development of OI type V. Up to 5% of patients have OI type V, which is characterized by the formation of a hyperplastic callus after fractures, calcification of the interosseous membrane of the forearm, and a mesh lamellar pattern observed during histological examination of the bone. In 2012, a heterozygous mutation (c.-14C> T) in the 5’-untranslated region (UTR) of the IFITM5 gene was identified as the main cause of OI type V. In the present work, the IFITM5 gene was analyzed and the de novo c.-14C> T mutation was identified in one patient with OI who was subsequently diagnosed with type V of the disease. Three known polymorphic variants were also identified: rs57285449; c.80G> C (p.Gly27Ala) and rs2293745; c.187-45C> T and rs755971385 c.279G> A (p.Thr93 =) and one previously undescribed variant: c.128G> A (p.Ser43Asn) AGC> AAC (S / D), which were not pathogenic. The article focuses on the features of the clinical manifestations of OI type V, and it is recommended to determine the c.-14C> T mutation in the IFITM5 gene if this form of the disease is suspected.


2021 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. S282
Author(s):  
Florencia del Viso ◽  
Lisa Lansdon ◽  
Emily Fleming ◽  
Bonnie Sullivan ◽  
Carol Saunders

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Mannucci ◽  
Nghi D. P. Dang ◽  
Hannes Huber ◽  
Jaclyn B. Murry ◽  
Jeff Abramson ◽  
...  

Abstract Background We aimed to define the clinical and variant spectrum and to provide novel molecular insights into the DHX30-associated neurodevelopmental disorder. Methods Clinical and genetic data from affected individuals were collected through Facebook-based family support group, GeneMatcher, and our network of collaborators. We investigated the impact of novel missense variants with respect to ATPase and helicase activity, stress granule (SG) formation, global translation, and their effect on embryonic development in zebrafish. SG formation was additionally analyzed in CRISPR/Cas9-mediated DHX30-deficient HEK293T and zebrafish models, along with in vivo behavioral assays. Results We identified 25 previously unreported individuals, ten of whom carry novel variants, two of which are recurrent, and provide evidence of gonadal mosaicism in one family. All 19 individuals harboring heterozygous missense variants within helicase core motifs (HCMs) have global developmental delay, intellectual disability, severe speech impairment, and gait abnormalities. These variants impair the ATPase and helicase activity of DHX30, trigger SG formation, interfere with global translation, and cause developmental defects in a zebrafish model. Notably, 4 individuals harboring heterozygous variants resulting either in haploinsufficiency or truncated proteins presented with a milder clinical course, similar to an individual harboring a de novo mosaic HCM missense variant. Functionally, we established DHX30 as an ATP-dependent RNA helicase and as an evolutionary conserved factor in SG assembly. Based on the clinical course, the variant location, and type we establish two distinct clinical subtypes. DHX30 loss-of-function variants cause a milder phenotype whereas a severe phenotype is caused by HCM missense variants that, in addition to the loss of ATPase and helicase activity, lead to a detrimental gain-of-function with respect to SG formation. Behavioral characterization of dhx30-deficient zebrafish revealed altered sleep-wake activity and social interaction, partially resembling the human phenotype. Conclusions Our study highlights the usefulness of social media to define novel Mendelian disorders and exemplifies how functional analyses accompanied by clinical and genetic findings can define clinically distinct subtypes for ultra-rare disorders. Such approaches require close interdisciplinary collaboration between families/legal representatives of the affected individuals, clinicians, molecular genetics diagnostic laboratories, and research laboratories.


Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah von Spiczak ◽  
Katherine L. Helbig ◽  
Deepali N. Shinde ◽  
Robert Huether ◽  
Manuela Pendziwiat ◽  
...  

Objective:To evaluate the phenotypic spectrum caused by mutations in dynamin 1 (DNM1), encoding the presynaptic protein DNM1, and to investigate possible genotype-phenotype correlations and predicted functional consequences based on structural modeling.Methods:We reviewed phenotypic data of 21 patients (7 previously published) with DNM1 mutations. We compared mutation data to known functional data and undertook biomolecular modeling to assess the effect of the mutations on protein function.Results:We identified 19 patients with de novo mutations in DNM1 and a sibling pair who had an inherited mutation from a mosaic parent. Seven patients (33.3%) carried the recurrent p.Arg237Trp mutation. A common phenotype emerged that included severe to profound intellectual disability and muscular hypotonia in all patients and an epilepsy characterized by infantile spasms in 16 of 21 patients, frequently evolving into Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Two patients had profound global developmental delay without seizures. In addition, we describe a single patient with normal development before the onset of a catastrophic epilepsy, consistent with febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome at 4 years. All mutations cluster within the GTPase or middle domains, and structural modeling and existing functional data suggest a dominant-negative effect on DMN1 function.Conclusions:The phenotypic spectrum of DNM1-related encephalopathy is relatively homogeneous, in contrast to many other genetic epilepsies. Up to one-third of patients carry the recurrent p.Arg237Trp variant, which is now one of the most common recurrent variants in epileptic encephalopathies identified to date. Given the predicted dominant-negative mechanism of this mutation, this variant presents a prime target for therapeutic intervention.


Author(s):  
Shinobu Fukumura ◽  
Takuya Hiraide ◽  
Akiyo Yamamoto ◽  
Kousuke Tsuchida ◽  
Kazushi Aoto ◽  
...  

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