scholarly journals Hydrogen Sulfide Facilitates the Impaired Sensitivity of Carotid Sinus Baroreflex in Rats with Vascular Calcification

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Xu Teng ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
Qi Guo ◽  
Hongmei Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Carotid Sinus Baroreflex

scholarly journals Hydrogen sulfide facilitates carotid sinus baroreflex in anesthetized rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin XIAO ◽  
Yu-ming WU ◽  
Hao ZHANG ◽  
Yi-xian LIU ◽  
Rui-rong HE
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
Carotid Sinus Baroreflex

Interaction of right and left carotid sinus baroreflexes in the dog

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (1) ◽  
pp. H96-H107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Greene ◽  
M. J. Brunner ◽  
A. A. Shoukas
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Pentobarbital Sodium ◽  
Simultaneous Excitation ◽  
Carotid Sinus Baroreflex ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sinus Pressure

Carotid sinus reflex interactions were studied in 10 dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. The right and left carotid sinus regions were isolated and perfused at controlled pressures. Pressure in the right and left carotid sinuses were independently varied, and the resulting steady-state reflex changes in arterial pressure, heart rate, respiratory frequency, tidal volume, and total ventilation were measured. Reflex changes when carotid sinus pressure was changed on one side were strongly influenced by pressure in the contralateral carotid sinus (P less than 0.05). Right carotid sinus gain was found to be 0.628 +/- 0.058 at a left carotid sinus pressure of 50 mmHg and 0.148 +/- 0.027 when left carotid sinus pressure was 200 mmHg. Similar results were found for left carotid sinus gain. Suppression was also found for heart rate, respiratory rate, tidal volume, and total ventilation. The hypothesis that rapid resetting of one carotid sinus baroreflex might influence responses from the other side was also tested. Although ipsilateral resetting was consistently observed, no contralateral component of the resetting was detected. An additional inhibitory summation between the right and left carotid sinuses was found such that simultaneous excitation of both receptors resulted in a smaller reflex response than did the sum of individual responses. Sympathetic denervation of the carotid sinus region had no effect.

Effects of diazepam on the carotid sinus baroreflex control of circulation in rabbits

1990 ◽  
Vol 139 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SAKAMOTO ◽  
H. OHSUMI ◽  
T. YAMAZAKI ◽  
F. OKUMURA
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Baroreflex Control ◽  
Carotid Sinus Baroreflex

scholarly journals Closed-Loop Identification of Carotid Sinus Baroreflex Transfer Characteristics Using Electrical Stimulation.

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Kawada ◽  
Takayuki Sato ◽  
Masashi Inagaki ◽  
Toshiaki Shishido ◽  
Teiji Tatewaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Transfer Characteristics ◽  
Carotid Sinus Baroreflex ◽  
Closed Loop Identification

scholarly journals Hydrogen Sulfide Prevents Elastin Loss and Attenuates Calcification Induced by High Glucose in Smooth Muscle Cells through Suppression of Stat3/Cathepsin S Signaling Pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye-Bo Zhou ◽  
Hong Zhou ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Ying Kang ◽  
Xu Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Cathepsin S ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Factor Α

Vascular calcification can be enhanced by hyperglycemia. Elastin loss in tunica media promotes the osteogenic transformation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and involves arterial medial calcification (AMC) that is associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. Here, we tested whether hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous gaseous mediator, can prevent elastin loss and attenuate calcification induced by high glucose in SMCs. Calcification was induced by high glucose (4500 mg/L) in human aortic SMCs (HASMCs) under the condition of calcifying medium containing 10 mM β-glycerophosphate (β-GP). The experiments showed that NaHS (an H2S donor, 100 μM) mitigated the calcification of HASMCs treated with high glucose by decreasing calcium and phosphorus levels, calcium deposition and ALP activity and inhibited osteogenic transformation by increasing SMα-actin and SM22α, two phenotypic markers of smooth muscle cells, and decreasing core binding factor α-1 (Cbfα-1), a key factor in bone formation, protein expressions in HASMCs. Moreover, NaHS administration inhibited the activation of Stat3, cathepsin S (CAS) activity and its expression, but increased the level of elastin protein. Pharmacological inhibition or gene silencing Stat3 not only reversed elastin loss, but also attenuated CAS expression. Inhibition of CAS alleviated, while CAS overexpression exacerbated, elastin loss. Interestingly, overexpression of wild type (WT)-Stat3, but not its mutant C259S, elevated CAS protein expression and reduced elastin level. Moreover, NaHS induced S-sulfhydration in WT, but not in the C259S Stat3. These data suggest that H2S may directly regulate Cys259 residue in Stat3 and then impair its signaling function. Our data indicate that H2S may attenuate vascular calcification by upregulating elastin level through the inhibition of Stat3/CAS signaling.

Inhibition of NO synthesis minimally affects the dynamic baroreflex regulation of sympathetic nerve activity

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (5) ◽  
pp. H2446-H2452 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Miyano ◽  
T. Kawada ◽  
T. Shishido ◽  
T. Sato ◽  
M. Sugimachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Corner Frequency ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Carotid Sinus Baroreflex ◽  
Transfer Function Analysis

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the dynamic baroreflex regulation of cardiac sympathetic nerve activity. In anesthetized rabbits, we imposed random pressure perturbations on the isolated carotid sinuses before and after the intravenous administration of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. We characterized the dynamic properties relating carotid sinus pressure input to sympathetic nerve activity by means of a transfer function analysis. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine decreased the corner frequency of the transfer function (0.100 +/- 0.054 vs. 0.074 +/- 0.035 Hz; P < 0.05), whereas other parameters such as the steady-state gain and transmission lag time remained unchanged. Although cursory examination of these findings would suggest a possible contribution of NO in the dynamic baroreflex regulation of sympathetic nerve activity, quantitative assessment of the transfer function reveals only a minimal effect on the baroreflex regulation of arterial pressure, particularly under closed-loop conditions. We conclude that NO noticeably affects the dynamic baroreflex regulation of sympathetic nerve activity. However, it may not significantly affect arterial pressure regulation through central modulation of the carotid sinus baroreflex.

Closed-loop identification of carotid sinus baroreflex open-loop transfer characteristics in rabbits

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (2) ◽  
pp. H1024-H1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kawada ◽  
M. Sugimachi ◽  
T. Sato ◽  
H. Miyano ◽  
T. Shishido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Efferent Nerve ◽  
Transfer Characteristics ◽  
Carotid Sinus Baroreflex ◽  
Closed Loop Identification

In the circulatory system, a change in blood pressure operates through the baroreflex to alter sympathetic efferent nerve activity, which in turn affects blood pressure. Existence of this closed feedback loop makes it difficult to identify the baroreflex open-loop transfer characteristics by means of conventional frequency domain approaches. Although several investigators have demonstrated the advantages of the time domain approach using parametric models such as the autoregressive moving average model, specification of the model structure critically affects their results. Thus we investigated the applicability of a nonparametric closed-loop identification technique to the carotid sinus baroreflex system by using an exogenous perturbation according to a binary white-noise sequence. To validate the identification method, we compared the transfer functions estimated by the closed-loop identification with those estimated by open-loop identification. The transfer functions determined by the two identification methods did not differ statistically in their fitted parameters. We conclude that exogenous perturbation to the baroreflex system enables us to estimate the open-loop baroreflex transfer characteristics under closed-loop conditions.

Acute resetting of the carotid sinus baroreflex by aortic depressor nerve stimulation

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (4) ◽  
pp. H1215-H1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hayward ◽  
M. Hay ◽  
R. B. Felder
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Aortic Depressor Nerve ◽  
Central Neurons ◽  
Carotid Sinus Baroreflex ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sinus Pressure ◽  
Renal Sympathetic

The effect of prolonged aortic depressor nerve (ADN) stimulation on carotid sinus baroreflex regulation of arterial pressure (AP) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) was examined in anesthetized rabbits. Ramp increases in carotid sinus pressure (CSP) were repeated before and after 5 min of bilateral ADN stimulation. One minute after ADN stimulation the curve relating AP to CSP had shifted up and to the right, characterized by significant increases (P < 0.05) in the maximum (91 +/- 2 to 101 +/- 3 mmHg; mean +/- SE), midpoint (118 +/- 7 to 125 +/- 8 mmHg CSP), and minimum (45 +/- 3 to 53 +/- 4 mmHg) of the AP reflex curve. There was a parallel shift downward of the curve relating RSNA to CSP, characterized by significant decreases in the maximum [100 +/- 0 to 66 +/- 8% of maximum control RSNA value (%max)], the range (90 +/- 2 to 59 +/- 8%max), and the gain (-1.0 +/- 0.2 to -0.5 +/- 0.1%max/mmHg) of the RSNA reflex curve. Values returned to control within 10 min of cessation of ADN stimulation. These results suggest that central neurons processing baroreflex information from one set of mechanoreceptors can be reset by convergent signals arising from another baroreceptor site.

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