Gastrointestinal Motility, Muscle Relaxation, Antipyretic and Acute Toxicity Screening of Amyrin Type Triterpenoid (Daturaolone) Isolated From Datura metel Linnaeus (Angel’s Trumpet) Fruits

Oceanapia magna Santos-Neto, Nascimento, Cavalcanti and Pinheiro sponges are distributed across tropical worldwide seas. Some studies of marine products have shown interesting activities in smooth muscle models. Hence, we assessed the effect of the ethanolic extract of Oceanapia magna. (OC-EtOH) on acute toxicity and gastrointestinal motility (in vitro and in vivo) in rodent models. On guinea pig ileum, OC-EtOH induced a concentration dependent contraction on basal tonus, which was not inhibited by atropine, but in the presence of pyrilamine or verapamil, the effect was antagonized. Contrastingly, on KCl- or histamine-induced contractions, OC-EtOH presented a transient contraction followed by a concentration-dependent relaxation. Moreover, OC-EtOH presented a relaxant profile on cumulative curves to CaCl2 and tonic contraction induced by S-(-)-BayK8644, through Cav blockade. The acute toxicity assay showed that OC-EtOH (2,000 mg/kg, p.o.) did not present any sign of toxicity in female mice. Additionally, OC-EtOH presented antidiarrheal effect in mice, increased the intestinal normal transit and reduced the castor oil-induced intestinal transit. Thus, OC-EtOH presented a dual effect on guinea pig ileum promoting contraction through activation of H1 and CaV, and relaxation through CaV blockade, besides the effect on upper gastrointestinal transit in mice, showing a potential medicinal use of this sponge in intestinal diseases such as diarrhea.

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Exploration of Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Diarrheal, Gastrointestinal Motility and Acute Toxicity of Different Extracts of Citrus Assamensis Leaf

Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences ◽

10.3329/jbas.v42i2.40038 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 111-120

Author(s):

Mohammad Shahriar ◽

Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan ◽

Md Sohel Rana

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Gastrointestinal Motility ◽

Treated Group ◽

Chloroform Extract ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Academy Of Sciences ◽

Vehicle Treated Group

Citrus assamensis (Family: Rutaceae), commonly known as Satkara, is a pharmacologically diverse medicinal plant. In the present study, the leaf extracts of C. assamensis were subjected to evaluate in vitro anti-diabetic as well as in vivo anti-diarrheal, gastrointestinal motility and acute toxicity activity on Swiss albino mice by using standard protocol. Ethanol and chloroform extracts showed significant inhibitory potentials (**p<0.01) against in vitro α-amylase enzyme at the concentration of 80μg/mL. Significant (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001) reduction in the number of wet feces and percentage inhibition of diarrheal activity over three hours was observed with all the test doses of the extract compared with the vehicle treated group. Both doses of methanol and ethanol extracts (*p<0.05) and chloroform extract at doses of 100 mg/kg significantly reduced the number of wet feces compared to the control. None of the extracts showed any significant in vivo acute toxicity effect on mice. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 2, 111-120, 2018

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In vivo anti-inflammatory effect and toxicological screening of Maytenus heterophylla and Maytenus senegalensis extracts

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327110379242 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (7) ◽

pp. 693-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

G. da Silva ◽

M. Taniça ◽

J. Rocha ◽

R. Serrano ◽

ET Gomes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Toxicity Screening ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Maytenus Senegalensis ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Maytenus heterophylla (Eckl & Zeyh.) Robson and Maytenus senegalensis (Lam). Exell are two African medicinal plants used to treat painful and inflammatory diseases. We evaluated the in vivo (per os) anti-inflammatory activity of M. heterophylla leaf, stem and root extracts and of M. senegalensis leaf and stem extracts. Additionally, we assessed their in vivo acute and sub-acute toxicities. Anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extracts were determined in Wistar albino rats, by the carrageenan-induced paw oedema method. Acute and sub-acute toxicity screening of the extracts was evaluated in adult male CD-6 mice. Leaf extracts of M. heterophylla and M. senegalensis exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity (120 mg/kg, per os), reducing oedema by 51% and 35%, respectively. While M. heterophylla extracts at 1200 mg/kg have shown to be non-toxic, M. senegalensis extracts indicated some toxicity. Our results show a significant anti-inflammatory effect of both M. heterophylla and M. senegalensis leaf extracts in a local model of acute inflammation and suggest the absence of acute and sub-acute toxicity signs of the M. heterophylla leaf extract (but not of M. senegalensis). Ongoing studies will surely shed some light into the mechanism of action of this active extract and establish its chemical fingerprint.

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Evaluation of different aqueous plant extracts against rice blast disease fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae)

Ife Journal of Science ◽

10.4314/ijs.v22i3.17 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 193-202

Author(s):

G.O. Agbowuro ◽

M. Aluko ◽

A.E. Salami ◽

S.O. Awoyemi

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽

Rice Blast ◽

Research Work ◽

Rice Blast Disease ◽

Blast Disease ◽

Calotropis Procera ◽

Datura Metel ◽

Angel’S Trumpet

The antifungal potentials of some medicinal plant leaf extracts have been established against fungal diseases. This research work was conducted to evaluate the effects of aqueous plant leaf extracts of five plants: Apple of Sodom (Calotropis procera), Neem tree (Azadirachta indica), Thorn Apple/Angel's trumpet (Datura metel), Aleo plant (Aleo vera) and Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata)) at different concentration (25, 50, and 100%) against rice blast disease (Magnaporthe oryzae) in-vitro and in-vivo. The research work was laid out in a split-split plot arrangement using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were collected for disease severity, disease incidence, number of tillers per plant, number of filled grains, the weight of 1000 grains, and panicle weight. The data collected were analyzed using IRRI STAR software (IRRI, 1979). Percentage inhibition was significantly higher at higher concentrations for all the aqueous plant extracts as compared to lower concentrations. The field trial result shows that there were significant differences among all the studied traits though at different levels for all the sources of variation. The leaf plant aqueous extracts at all the varied concentrations reduced the rate of disease severity and incidence while the number of tillers per plant, the number of filled grains, the weight of 1000 seeds, and panicle weight increased compared to control. The result revealed that Apple of Sodom (Calotropis procera) is the most efficient in combating rice blast disease followed by Neem tree (Azadirachta indica), Thorn Apple/Angel's trumpet (Datura metel), Aleo plant (Aleo vera), and Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) in that other. These aqueous plant extracts can be used to manage rice blast disease at a low cost and it is ecofriendly compare to chemical fungicides. Keywords: Disease severity, Magnaporthe oryzae, Medicinal plants, Plant extracts, Rice

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