scholarly journals Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency, Mediated by Fine Root Growth, Early Determines Temporal and Genotypic Variations in Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Winter Oilseed Rape

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Vazquez-Carrasquer ◽  
Anne Laperche ◽  
Christine Bissuel-Bélaygue ◽  
Michaël Chelle ◽  
Céline Richard-Molard
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Fine Root Growth ◽  
Use Efficiency

Maintaining seed yield under low N inputs is a major issue for breeding, which requires thoroughly exploiting the genetic diversity of processes related to Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE). However, dynamic analysis of processes underlying genotypic variations in NUE in response to N availability from sowing to harvest are scarce, particularly at the whole-plant scale. This study aimed to dynamically decipher the contributions of Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency (NUpE) and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency (NUtE) to NUE and to identify traits underlying NUpE genetic variability throughout the growth cycle of rapeseed. Three experiments were conducted under field-like conditions to evaluate seven genotypes under two N conditions. We developed NUE_DM (ratio of total plant biomass to the amount of N available) as a new proxy of NUE at harvest, valid to discriminate genotypes from the end of inflorescence emergence, and N conditions as early as the beginning of stem elongation. During autumn growth, NUpE explained up to 100% of variations in NUE_DM, validating the major role of NUpE in NUE shaping. During this period, under low N conditions, up to 53% of the plant nitrogen was absorbed and NUpE genetic variability resulted not from differences in Specific N Uptake but in fine-root growth. NUtE mainly contributed to NUE_DM genotypic variation during the reproductive phase under high-N conditions, but NUpE contribution still accounted for 50–75% after flowering. Our study highlights for the first time NUpE and fine-root growth as important processes to optimize NUE, which opens new prospects for breeding.

Optimising Fertilisation Strategy for Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel McKay Fletcher ◽  
Siul Ruiz ◽  
Simon Duncan ◽  
Dave Chadwick ◽  
David Jone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Nitrogen Transport ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

<p>Sufficient nitrogen fertilisation is essential for obtaining the crop yields required to feed the growing population. Moreover, nitrogen applied to fields is often lost to a number of processes including denitrification, surface run-off and leaching. These processes can damage the local ecology and contaminate water supplies. Additionally, nitrogen lost as ammonia gas and the large energy input required to synthesize ammonia are both large contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions. Choosing fertilisation strategies to optimise the proportion of nitrogen taken up by crops (nitrogen use efficiency) can reduce the production of ammonia and the pollution of water supplies.</p><p>We developed a mathematical model that describes the movement of water and multiple nitrogen species in soil at the field scale over a growing season. The model was then used to assess the nitrogen use efficiency of varying fertilisation strategies. We consider the effects of a number of biological, chemical, and physical processes including: root growth, root uptake, the transformation of nitrogen between different nitrogen species, and the effect of soil water movement on nitrogen transport. The resulting model is comprised of a coupled system of partial and ordinary differential equations that describe the mathematical interplay between nitrogen transport, water movement, and root uptake, which were solved numerically using a finite element approach. Numerical experiments were conducted to determine how nitrogen uptake efficiency was affected by different fertilisation strategies. We examine numerous cases by varying the quantity of fertiliser applied to the soil and the fertiliser application times.</p><p>The numerical experiments suggest that, under uniform rainfall rates, the optimal fertilisation times (within the bounds of typical times found in agriculture) can result in 25% more nitrogen uptake than the worst strategies. However, there were large time periods, 28 days for the first application and 10 days for the second, which resulted in close-to-optimal nitrogen use efficiency. The results of this study, in addition to crop health and past and predicted rainfall, could be taken into consideration by farmers while choosing fertilisation times to optimise nitrogen uptake efficiency.</p>

scholarly journals Relationship of Nitrogen Use Efficiency with the Activities of Enzymes Involved in Nitrogen Uptake and Assimilation of Finger Millet Genotypes Grown under Different Nitrogen Inputs

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Gupta ◽  
Atul K. Gupta ◽  
Vikram S. Gaur ◽  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Conditions

Nitrogen responsiveness of three-finger millet genotypes (differing in their seed coat colour) PRM-1 (brown), PRM-701 (golden), and PRM-801 (white) grown under different nitrogen doses was determined by analyzing the growth, yield parameters and activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase; GOGAT, and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) at different developmental stages. High nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency were observed in PRM-1 genotype, whereas high nitrogen uptake efficiency was observed in PRM-801 genotype. At grain filling nitrogen uptake efficiency in PRM-1 negatively correlated with NR, GS, GOGAT activities whereas it was positively correlated in PRM-701 and PRM-801, however, GDH showed a negative correlation. Growth and yield parameters indicated that PRM-1 responds well at high nitrogen conditions while PRM-701 and PRM-801 respond well at normal and low nitrogen conditions respectively. The study indicates that PRM-1 is high nitrogen responsive and has high nitrogen use efficiency, whereas golden PRM-701 and white PRM-801 are low nitrogen responsive genotypes and have low nitrogen use efficiency. However, the crude grain protein content was higher in PRM-801 genotype followed by PRM-701 and PRM-1, indicating negative correlation of nitrogen use efficiency with source to sink relationship in terms of seed protein content.

Preanthesis Root Growth and Nitrogen Uptake Improved Wheat Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 3048-3056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Guo ◽  
Zhongwei Tian ◽  
Shuzhen Sun ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Dong Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Adaptation Mechanism of Roots to Low and High Nitrogen Revealed by Proteomic Analysis

Rice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xin ◽  
Lina Zhang ◽  
Jiping Gao ◽  
Wenzhong Zhang ◽  
Jun Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Rice Root ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Rice Roots ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract Background Nitrogen-based nutrients are the main factors affecting rice growth and development. Root systems play an important role in helping plants to obtain nutrients from the soil. Root morphology and physiology are often closely related to above-ground plant organs performance. Therefore, it is important to understand the regulatory effects of nitrogen (N) on rice root growth to improve nitrogen use efficiency. Results In this study, changes in the rice root traits under low N (13.33 ppm), normal N (40 ppm) and high N (120 ppm) conditions were performed through root morphology analysis. These results show that, compared with normal N conditions, root growth is promoted under low N conditions, and inhibited under high N conditions. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying the rice root response to low and high N conditions, comparative proteomics analysis was performed using a tandem mass tag (TMT)-based approach, and differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were further characterized. Compared with normal N conditions, a total of 291 and 211 DAPs were identified under low and high N conditions, respectively. The abundance of proteins involved in cell differentiation, cell wall modification, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and protein synthesis was differentially altered, which was an important reason for changes in root morphology. Furthermore, although both low and high N can cause nitrogen stress, rice roots revealed obvious differences in adaptation to low and high N. Conclusions These results provide insights into global changes in the response of rice roots to nitrogen availability and may facilitate the development of rice cultivars with high nitrogen use efficiency through root-based genetic improvements.

Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Nitrogen Uptake of Canola under Diverse Environments

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Gan ◽  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
S. Brandt ◽  
F. Katepa-Mupondwa ◽  
C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

A computational history and outlook of nitrogen use efficiency and precipitation-optimal fertilisation timings in agriculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel McKay Flecher ◽  
Siul Ruiz ◽  
Tiago Dias ◽  
Katherine Williams ◽  
Chiara Petroselli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilisation ◽  
Plant Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Rainfall Patterns

<p>Half of the nitrogen applied to arable-fields is lost through several processes linked to soil moisture. Low soil moisture limits nitrogen mobility reducing nitrogen-uptake while wetter conditions can increase nitrogen leaching. Rainfall ultimately governs soil moisture and the fate of nitrogen in soil. However, the interaction between rainfall and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) remains poorly understood.</p> <p>We developed a field-scale modelling platform that describes coupled water and nitrogen transport, root growth and uptake, rainfall, the nitrogen-cycle and leaching to assess the NUE of split fertilisations with realistic rainfall patterns. The model was solved for every possible split fertilisation timing in 200+ growing seasons to determine optimal timings. Two previous field trials regarding rainfall and NUE had contrasting results: wetter years have enhanced fertiliser loss and drier years reduced plant nitrogen uptake. By choosing appropriate fertilisation timings in the model we could recreate the two contrasting trends and maintain variability in the data. However, we found by choosing other fertilisation timings we could mitigate the leaching in wetter years. Optimised timings could increase plant nitrogen uptake by up to 35% compared to the mean in dry years. Plant uptake was greatest under drier conditions due to mitigated leaching, but less likely to occur due to low nitrogen mobility. Optimal fertilisation timings varied dramatically depending on the rainfall patterns. Historic and projected rainfall patterns from 1950-2069 were used in the model. We found optimal NUE has a decrease from 2022-2040 due to increased heavy rainfall events and optimal fertilisation timings are later in the season but varied largely on a season-to-season basis.</p> <p>The results are a step towards achieving improved nitrogen efficiency in agriculture by using the ‘at the right time’ agronomic-strategy in the ‘4Rs’ of improved nitrogen fertilisation. Our results can help determine nitrogen fertilisation timings in changing climates.</p>

Physiological and molecular interventions for improving nitrogen-use efficiency in maize.

2021 ◽  
pp. 325-339
Author(s):  
Ishwar Singh ◽  
Krishan Kumar ◽  
Prabha Singh ◽  
Pranjal Yadava ◽  
Sujay Rakshit
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrate Assimilation ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Root Nitrogen

Abstract This chapter discusses (i) the importance of nitrogen in plant growth and development, (ii) what is nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) and how to manage it, (iii) traits influencing nitrogen-uptake efficiency including root system architecture, root nitrogen transporter system, and interaction with microorganisms, (iv) traits influencing nitrogen-utilization efficiency, such as nitrate assimilation, canopy photosynthesis per unit of nitrogen, (v) identification and use of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to NUE, (vi) identification of nitrogen-responsive genes, and (vii) nitrogen signalling and transduction for improving NUE. Intensive research on molecular and genetic aspects of NUE has led to the identification of many new genes, QTLs and alleles that could be deployed to develop new genotypes. The future direction of the research efforts should be towards understanding the interaction of NUE-related genes with cellular small RNA flux and perturbing the system performance through metabolic engineering and genome editing techniques.

Interactive effects of nitrogen and potassium on: Grain yield, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency of rice in low potassium fertility soil in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 14-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfeng Hou ◽  
Xinxin Xue ◽  
Xiaokun Li ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan Khan ◽  
Jinyao Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Low Potassium ◽  
Use Efficiency
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