Elevated Nitrogen Priming Induced Oxinitro-Responses and Water Deficit Tolerance in Rice

Under water deficit conditions, the essential macronutrient nitrogen becomes limited as a result of reduced dissolved nitrogen and root nitrogen uptake. An elevated nitrogen level might be able to mitigate these effects, integrated with the idea of using nitric oxide as abiotic stress tolerant inducers. In this study, we evaluated the potential of using elevated nitrogen priming prior to water shortage to mitigate plant stress through nitric oxide accumulation. We grew rice plants in 300 mg L−1 nitrogen for 10 weeks, then we primed plants with four different nitrogen concentrations: 100, 300 (control), 500 and 1000 mg L−1 nitrogen prior to inducing water deficit conditions. Plants primed with 500 mg L−1 nitrogen possessed a higher photosynthetic rate, relative water content, electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation under water deficit conditions, compared to control plants. The induction of water deficit tolerance was supported with the activation of antioxidant defense system, induced by the accumulation of nitric oxide in leaves and roots of rice plants. We originally demonstrated the accumulation of nitric oxide in leaves of rice plants. The elevated nitrogen priming can be used to enhance water deficit tolerance in irrigated paddy fields, instead of nitric oxide donors.

Physiological and molecular interventions for improving nitrogen-use efficiency in maize.

This chapter discusses (i) the importance of nitrogen in plant growth and development, (ii) what is nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) and how to manage it, (iii) traits influencing nitrogen-uptake efficiency including root system architecture, root nitrogen transporter system, and interaction with microorganisms, (iv) traits influencing nitrogen-utilization efficiency, such as nitrate assimilation, canopy photosynthesis per unit of nitrogen, (v) identification and use of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to NUE, (vi) identification of nitrogen-responsive genes, and (vii) nitrogen signalling and transduction for improving NUE. Intensive research on molecular and genetic aspects of NUE has led to the identification of many new genes, QTLs and alleles that could be deployed to develop new genotypes. The future direction of the research efforts should be towards understanding the interaction of NUE-related genes with cellular small RNA flux and perturbing the system performance through metabolic engineering and genome editing techniques.

STUDY VARIETY INDEXES OF VARIETY KIBRAY OF KASHKAR BEDA (MELILOTUS ALBUS)

Enhancing of soil fertility is required for getting high yields from cotton plant, cereals and other crops in Uzbekistan. It may be achieved through implementation of crop rotation, properly introduction of rotation and by the planting of kashkar beda, alfalfa and other bean bearing crops. Planting of Kibray variety of Kashkar beda in strongly salted areas and may be produced high yields than ordinary blue alfalfa. It’s an average green mass yield accounts for 4.0-4.5 tons per hectare, 1 kg green mass contains 17-25 g protein and 0,16-0,20 food units what is a nutritious food for agricultural animals. Beside this, due to its root nitrogen-fixing capability. It may be taken durable high yields from other crops in its planted area. Keywords: Kashkar beda (local diversity of alfalfa), blue alfalfa, green stem, salinization, productivity, protein, food unit, forage, farmstead, variety, seed production, elite, primary seed production, nutritional crops, green mass, morphologic traits, germination, variety grade, nursery, individual selection, phonologic monitoring, Kibray variety, variety of Tashkent-2009. KEYWORDS: Kashkar beda, Melilotus albus, variety, green mass, morphologic traits, germination.