scholarly journals Identification and Functional Analysis of Four RNA Silencing Suppressors in Begomovirus Croton Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhai ◽  
Anirban Roy ◽  
Hao Peng ◽  
Daniel L. Mullendore ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
...  

Croton yellow vein mosaic virus (CYVMV), a species in the genus Begomovirus, is a prolific monopartite begomovirus in the Indian sub-continent. CYVMV infects multiple crop plants to cause leaf curl disease. Plants have developed host RNA silencing mechanisms to defend the threat of viruses, including CYVMV. We characterized four RNA silencing suppressors, namely, V2, C2, and C4 encoded by CYVMV and betasatellite-encoded C1 protein (βC1) encoded by the cognate betasatellite, croton yellow vein betasatellite (CroYVMB). Their silencing suppressor functions were verified by the ability of restoring the β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity suppressed by RNA silencing. We showed here for the first time that V2 was capable of self-interacting, as well as interacting with the V1 protein, and could be translocalized to the plasmodesmata in the presence of CYVMV. The knockout of either V2 or V1 impaired the intercellular mobility of CYVMV, indicating their novel coordinated roles in the cell-to-cell movement of the virus. As pathogenicity determinants, each of V2, C2, and C4 could induce typical leaf curl symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana plants even under transient expression. Interestingly, the transcripts and proteins of all four suppressors could be detected in the systemically infected leaves with no correlation to symptom induction. Overall, our work identifies four silencing suppressors encoded by CYVMV and its cognate betasatellite and reveals their subcellular localizations, interaction behavior, and roles in symptom induction and intercellular virus movement.

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achuit Kumar Singh ◽  
Brijesh K Yadav ◽  
Ram Krishna ◽  
R Vinoth Kumar ◽  
Gyan P Mishra ◽  
...  

Whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses cause severe diseases in numerous economically important dicotyledonous plants. In recent years, okra enation leaf curl disease (OELCuD) emerged as a serious threat to okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) cultivation in the Indian subcontinent. The present study reports the association of a monopartite begomovirus (bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus - BYVMV) and betasatellite (bhendi yellow vein mosaic betasatellite - BYVB) with OELCuD in the Mau region of Uttar Pradesh, India. The BYVMV alone inoculated N benthamiana and A esculentus cv. Pusa Sawani plants developed mild symptoms. Co-inoculation of BYVMV and BYVB resulted in a reduced incubation period, an increased symptom severity and an enhanced BYVMV accumulation (by Southern hybridization and qPCR). This is the first study which satisfies Koch’s postulates for OELCuD in its natural host. Activities of various antioxidative enzymes were significantly increased in the virus inoculated okra plants. Differential responses in various biochemical components (such as photosynthetic pigments, phenol, proline, sugar) in diseased okra plants were observed. This change in phytochemical responses is of significant importance in understanding its impact on virus pathogenesis and disease development.


Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 140122140029006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Hameed ◽  
Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman ◽  
Hans-Werner Herrmann ◽  
Muhammad Saleem Haider ◽  
Judith K Brown

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