Commentary: Effects of Age and Initial Risk Perception on Balloon Analog Risk Task: The Mediating Role of Processing Speed and Need for Cognitive Closure

The accident rate is high in subway maintenance work, and most of the accidents are caused by human factors, especially the lack of sensitivity to risk perception, the lack of rigorous attitude towards safety and the lack of safe citizenship behavior (SCB). Therefore, it is very important to study the risk perception (RP), safety attitude (SA) and SCB of metro maintenance staff in order to reduce the accident rate. In order to reduce human errors and accidents, this study analyzed the influence of metro maintenance staff’s RP on their SCB and the mediating role of SA. Based on previous studies, this paper uses the risk perception scale, safety attitude scale and safety citizenship behavior scale as research tools. A survey was administered at the Subway Company, and altogether 268 valid questionnaires were used, and the data were analyzed by SPSS19.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) and AMOS 24.0 (IBM, Armonk, New York, NY, USA). The result reveals that SA plays a complete mediating role between metro maintenance staff’s RP and their SCB; and SA has a positive influence on SCB; RP has a positive influence on SA; and SA positively predicts SCB.

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Cognition in Early Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Consequences May Be Relative to Working Memory

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617713000696 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 938-949 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Lindsay I. Berrigan ◽

Jo-Anne LeFevre ◽

Laura M. Rees ◽

Jason Berard ◽

Mark S. Freedman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Working Memory ◽

Processing Speed ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Group Membership ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Relapsing Remitting ◽

Disease Stages

AbstractThe Relative Consequence Model proposes multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have a fundamental deficit in processing speed that compromises other cognitive functions. The present study examined the mediating role of processing speed, as well as working memory, in the MS-related effects on other cognitive functions for early relapsing-remitting patients. Seventy relapsing-remitting MS patients with disease duration not greater than 10 years and 72 controls completed tasks assessing processing speed, working memory, learning, and executive functioning. The possible mediating roles of speed and working memory in the MS-related effects on other cognitive functions were evaluated using structural equation modeling. Processing speed was not significantly related to group membership and could not have a mediating role. Working memory was related to group membership and functioned as a mediating/intervening factor. The results do not support the Relative Consequence Model in this sample and they challenge the notion that working memory impairment only emerges at later disease stages. The results do support a mediating/intervening role of working memory. These results were obtained for early relapsing-remitting MS patients and should not be generalized to the broader MS population. Instead, future research should examine the relations that exist at other disease stages. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–12)

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