scholarly journals Involvement Modulates the Effects of Deception on Memory in Daily Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Zhiwei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Source Memory ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
High Involvement ◽  
Destination Memory ◽  
Induced Forgetting

Previous studies have demonstrated that liars who adopt a false denial strategy often forget what they lied about, which has been labeled the denial-induced forgetting (DIF) effect. However, several investigations have not found such an effect. It has been suggested that involvement might play a role in the inconsistency. The present study was designed to directly determine whether involvement modulates the effects of deception on memory. Participants were assigned randomly to either high- or low-involvement conditions and were required to complete a mock shopping task. They were then asked to participate in an interview in which they were asked to respond honestly or deceptively. Two days later, final memory tests were given, and the participants were asked to give honest responses. We found a DIF effect in the high-involvement condition but not in the low-involvement condition. Moreover, the liars in the high-involvement condition created more non-believed memories in the source memory test and the destination memory test than the honest participants. In addition, liars in both the high- and low-involvement conditions forgot who they lied to. We conclude that the effects of deception on memory could be influenced by the degree of involvement.

Positive Arousal Enhances the Consolidation of Item Memory

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Learning Phase ◽  
Item Memory ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Immediate Memory

Emotional arousal induced after learning has been shown to modulate memory consolidation. However, it is unclear whether the effect of postlearning arousal can extend to different aspects of memory. This study examined the effect of postlearning positive arousal on both item memory and source memory. Participants learned a list of neutral words and took an immediate memory test. Then they watched a positive or a neutral videoclip and took delayed memory tests after either 25 minutes or 1 week had elapsed after the learning phase. In both delay conditions, positive arousal enhanced consolidation of item memory as measured by overall recognition. Furthermore, positive arousal enhanced consolidation of familiarity but not recollection. However, positive arousal appeared to have no effect on consolidation of source memory. These findings have implications for building theoretical models of the effect of emotional arousal on consolidation of episodic memory and for applying postlearning emotional arousal as a technique of memory intervention.

Executive Control on Memory Test Performance across Life: Test of Memory Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Abellán-Martínez ◽  
Miguel Ángel Castellanos López ◽  
María Luisa Delgado-Losada ◽  
Raquel Yubero ◽  
Nuria Paúl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Memory Strategies

Abstract The ability to generate memory strategies is a key factor in performance of episodic memory tests. There is evidence about the inefficient use of memory strategies in old adults. However, a question remains unresolved: Worse performance on memory test in the older people is due to an inability to mobilize cognitive strategies or to an episodic memory deficit? In this study we tried to answer it by using the Test of Memory Strategies (TMS), which parametrically reduces the need of executive functions on memory tests. The test consists of five experimental conditions (TMS1–5) where a progressive external organization of the material reduces the need to mobilize memory strategies. TMS was applied to a sample of 180 participants (n = 180) divided into three age groups (25–45; 46–65; 66–85). The results showed an increased performance in all groups groups (F(2, 177) = 14.79, p < .001) across conditions (F(3.88,674.04) = 292.48, p < .001), without group differences in those conditions with a maximum reduction of the need of executive functions (F(7.61,674.04) = 1.95, p = .053). However, middle age and older adults showed more difficulties in establishing cognitive strategies, in the initial conditions. These results lead to the conclusion that the typical pattern of low performance on episodic memory tasks in the older population may be due to the deterioration of executive functions and not mainly to a primary decline of memory process.

scholarly journals The Human Source Memory System struggles to distinguish Virtual Reality and Reality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Rubo ◽  
Simone Munsch ◽  
Nadine Messerli
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Potential Danger ◽  
Relative Proximity ◽  
Human Source

Virtual Reality (VR) is used in a variety of fields with the goal to increase ecological validity compared to traditional monitor-based setups. Here we report additional evidence for the adequacy of this research strategy. In a memory confusion paradigm spanning over stimuli presentation in reality, VR and on a computer monitor, participants were more prone to confusing reality with VR than with a traditional monitor-based setup, indicating a relative proximity of experiences in VR and reality. We speculate that the human source memory’s difficulty in distinguishing VR from reality may provide a basis for the good generalizability of treatment effects in VR to daily life. At the same time, the effect may demonstrate a potential danger of a mindless use of VR technology.

Comparison of Two Measures of Working Memory Impairments in 220 Adolescents and Adults With ADHD

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (14) ◽  
pp. 1838-1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Kennedy ◽  
Donald M. Quinlan ◽  
Thomas E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Verbal Abilities ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
National Norms

Objective: This study tests the hypotheses that (a) adolescents and adults with ADHD score lower on two normed measures of verbal working memory, relative to their overall verbal abilities, than the general population and (b) a specific story memory test is a more sensitive and relevant measure of working memory impairment than a numerically based test. Method: Scores on normed story memory and numerical memory tests of 220 adolescents and adults with ADHD were corrected for the individual’s verbal abilities and compared with each other and national norms. Results: Participants with ADHD scored significantly below their verbal ability measure on both verbal and numerically based memory tests in comparison with national norms. Scores on verbal memory test were lower than scores for numerically based memory tests. Conclusion: This story memory test is a more sensitive measure of working memory impairments in adolescents and adults with ADHD than measures based on recall of numerical data.

Retrieval-induced forgetting in perceptually driven memory tests.

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1185-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Teresa Bajo ◽  
Carlos J. Gómez-Ariza ◽  
Angel Fernandez ◽  
Alejandra Marful
Keyword(s):  
Memory Tests ◽  
Induced Forgetting

Melodic Memory Tests: A Comparison of Normal Children and Mental Defectives

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlette Zenatti
Keyword(s):  
Memory Test ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Normal Intelligence ◽  
Mental Age ◽  
Mental Defectives ◽  
Age Range

A melodic memory test divided into two series, one tonal and the other atonal, was given to 480 children of normal intelligence and 396 mental defectives. The normal group ranged in age between 5 years, 6 months, and 16 years, 6 months. The defectives (IQs between 50 and 85) had an age range of 8 years, 4 months, to 16 years, 6 months. The results demonstrated that the acuity of perceptive discrimination in the defectives was clearly inferior to that of the normal children of the same chronological age and approximated that of normal children of the same mental age. Tonal acculturation was shown by a significantly easier discrimination in the tonal series, in relation to the mental age of the subjects.

scholarly journals Impaired memory for cooperative interaction partners in borderline personality disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Niedtfeld ◽  
Meike Kroneisen
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Cooperative Interaction ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Interaction Partners

Abstract Background Interpersonal disturbances in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) have been attributed to a negativity bias in social cognition. Adding to this literature, we experimentally tested whether those with BPD show altered memory for cooperative versus non-cooperative interaction partners. Methods In a source memory paradigm, 51 female BPD patients and 50 healthy controls (HC) played a trust game with 40 different female target characters (trustworthy vs untrustworthy). In a subsequent surprise memory test, participants had to recognize those target individuals (vs distractor pictures), and had to recall whether they had shown cooperative behavior during the trust game. We hypothesized that BPD patients have better memory for uncooperative interaction partners as compared to cooperative interaction partners, and that a-priori expectations of untrustworthiness would influence recall. Results During the trust game, BPD individuals invested lower amounts of money than HC for trustworthy targets, but no differences were found for untrustworthy targets. During the memory test, BPD patients had significant difficulties to remember cooperative targets, as compared to HC. More specifically, those with BPD indicated more often than HC that they had not previously interacted with cooperative targets of the previous trust game. We did not detect any differences between BPD and HC in source memory, or with regard to the effects of trustworthiness expectations. Conclusions The observed tendency to forget cooperative interaction partners in BPD is possibly caused by dysfunctional cognitive schemas. At the same time, it might also corroborate patients’ assumptions that others are untrustworthy, thereby fuelling interpersonal disturbances in BPD.

Source monitoring deficits in hallucinating compared to non-hallucinating patients with schizophrenia

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Brunelin ◽  
Marion Combris ◽  
Emmanuel Poulet ◽  
Lassad Kallel ◽  
Thierry D’Amato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Memory ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
External Event ◽  
Internal Sources

AbstractIn two source memory tests, hallucinating patients with schizophrenia (N = 30), compared to non-hallucinating (N = 31), are impaired in recognizing internal self-generated items and misattribute them to an external event. They are not impaired in recognizing events from two internal sources. Results support a selective source-monitoring deficit in the occurrence of auditory hallucinations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document