scholarly journals Hyperactivation of Posterior Default Mode Network During Self-Referential Processing in Children at Familial High-Risk for Psychosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guusje Collin ◽  
Clemens C. C. Bauer ◽  
Sheeba Arnold Anteraper ◽  
John D. E. Gabrieli ◽  
Elena Molokotos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Referential Processing ◽  
Familial High Risk

Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders show disturbances in self-referential processing and associated neural circuits including the default mode network (DMN). These disturbances may precede the onset of psychosis and may underlie early social and emotional problems. In this study, we examined self-referential processing in a group of children (7–12 years) at familial high risk (FHR) for psychosis (N = 17), compared to an age and sex-matched group of healthy control (HC) children (N = 20). The participants were presented with a list of adjectives and asked to indicate whether or not the adjectives described them (self-reference condition) and whether the adjectives described a good or bad trait (semantic condition). Three participants were excluded due to chance-level performance on the semantic task, leaving N = 15 FHR and N = 19 HC for final analysis. Functional MRI (fMRI) was used to measure brain activation during self-referential vs. semantic processing. Internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Evaluating main effects of task (self > semantic) showed activation of medial prefrontal cortex in HC and precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in FHR. Group-comparison yielded significant results for the FHR > HC contrast, showing two clusters of hyperactivation in precuneus/ PCC (p = 0.004) and anterior cerebellum / temporo-occipital cortex (p = 0.009). Greater precuneus/PCC activation was found to correlate with greater CBCL internalizing (r = 0.60, p = 0.032) and total (r = 0.69, p = 0.009) problems. In all, this study shows hyperactivity of posterior DMN during self-referential processing in pre-adolescent FHR children. This finding posits DMN-related disturbances in self-processing as a developmental brain abnormality associated with familial risk factors that predates not just psychosis, but also the prodromal stage. Moreover, our results suggest that early disturbances in self-referential processing may be related to internalizing problems in at-risk children.

Default Mode Network Hyperactivation During Self-Referential Processing in Children at Familial High-Risk for Psychosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. S328
Author(s):  
Guusje Collin ◽  
Clemens Bauer ◽  
Sheeba Arnold Anteraper ◽  
John Gabrieli ◽  
Elena Molotokos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Referential Processing ◽  
Familial High Risk

The default mode network in self- and other-referential processing: effect of cultural values

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennady G. Knyazev ◽  
Alexander N. Savostyanov ◽  
Andrey V. Bocharov ◽  
Evgeny A. Levin ◽  
Pavel D. Rudych
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Processing Effect ◽  
Referential Processing

scholarly journals Reduced load-dependent default mode network deactivation across executive tasks in schizophrenia spectrum disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beathe Haatveit ◽  
Jimmy Jensen ◽  
Dag Alnæs ◽  
Tobias Kaufmann ◽  
Christine L. Brandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals Functional parcellation of the default mode network: a large-scale meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoming Wang ◽  
Lindsey J. Tepfer ◽  
Adrienne A. Taren ◽  
David V. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Default Mode

Abstract The default mode network (DMN) consists of several regions that selectively interact to support distinct domains of cognition. Of the various sites that partake in DMN function, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), temporal parietal junction (TPJ), and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) are frequently identified as key contributors. Yet, it remains unclear whether these subcomponents of the DMN make unique contributions to specific cognitive processes and health conditions. To address this issue, we applied a meta-analytic parcellation approach used in prior work. This approach used the Neurosynth database and classification methods to quantify the association between PCC, TPJ, and MPFC activation and specific topics related to cognition and health (e.g., decision making and smoking). Our analyses replicated prior observations that the PCC, TPJ, and MPFC collectively support multiple cognitive functions such as decision making, memory, and awareness. To gain insight into the functional organization of each region, we parceled each region based on its coactivation pattern with the rest of the brain. This analysis indicated that each region could be further subdivided into functionally distinct subcomponents. Taken together, we further delineate DMN function by demonstrating the relative strengths of association among subcomponents across a range of cognitive processes and health conditions. A continued attentiveness to the specialization within the DMN allows future work to consider the nuances in sub-regional contributions necessary for healthy cognition, as well as create the potential for more targeted treatment protocols in various health conditions.

Cortical and subcortical changes in resting-state functional connectivity before and during an episode of postoperative delirium

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 794-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jooyoung Oh ◽  
Jung Eun Shin ◽  
Kyu Hyun Yang ◽  
Sunghyon Kyeong ◽  
Woo Suk Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Postoperative Delirium ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Subcortical Regions

Objective: Delirium is an acute brain failure related to uncertain problems in neural connectivity, including aberrant functional interactions between remote cortical regions. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying neural mechanisms of delirium by clarifying the changes in resting-state functional connectivity induced by postoperative delirium using imaging data scanned before and after surgery. Method: Fifty-eight patients with a femoral neck fracture were preoperatively scanned using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Twenty-five patients developed postoperative delirium, and 14 of those had follow-up scans during delirium. Eighteen patients without delirium completed follow-up scans 5 or 6 days after surgery. We assessed group differences in voxel-based connectivity, in which the seeds were the posterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex and 11 subcortical regions. Connections between the subcortical regions were also examined. Results: The results showed four major findings during delirium. Both the posterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex were strongly connected to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The posterior cingulate cortex had hyperconnectivity with the inferior parietal lobule, whereas the medial prefrontal cortex had hyperconnectivity with the frontopolar cortex and hypoconnectivity with the superior frontal gyrus. Connectivity of the striatum with the anterior cingulate cortex and insula was increased. Disconnections were found between the lower subcortical regions including the neurotransmitter origins and the striatum/thalamus in the upper level. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that cortical dysfunction during delirium is characterized by a diminution of the anticorrelation between the default mode network and task-positive regions, excessive internal connections in the posterior default mode network and a complex imbalance of internal connectivity in the anterior default mode network. These dysfunctions can be attributed to the loss of reciprocity between the default mode network and central executive network associated with defective function in the salience network, which might be closely linked to aberrant subcortical neurotransmission-related connectivity and striato-cortical connectivity.

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