familial high risk
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2022 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Kevin C.A. van Gool ◽  
Guusje Collin ◽  
Clemens C.C. Bauer ◽  
Elena Molokotos ◽  
Raquelle I. Mesholam-Gately ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Birgitte Klee Burton ◽  
Anders Petersen ◽  
Heike Eichele ◽  
Nicoline Hemager ◽  
Katrine S. Spang ◽  
...  

Abstract The cognitive control system matures gradually with age and shows age-related sex differences. To gain knowledge concerning error adaptation in familial high-risk groups, investigating error adaptation among the offspring of parents with severe mental disorders is important and may contribute to the understanding of cognitive functioning in at-risk individuals. We identified an observational cohort through Danish registries and measured error adaptation using an Eriksen flanker paradigm. We tested 497 7-year-old children with a familial high risk of schizophrenia (N = 192) or bipolar disorder (N = 116) for deficits in error adaptation compared with a control group (N = 189). We investigated whether error adaptation differed between high-risk groups compared with controls and sex differences in the adaptation to errors, irrespective of high-risk status. Overall, children exhibited post-error slowing (PES), but the slowing of responses did not translate to significant improvements in accuracy. No differences were detected between either high-risk group compared with the controls. Boys showed less PES and PES after incongruent trials than girls. Our results suggest that familial high risk of severe mental disorders does not influence error adaptation at this early stage of cognitive control development. Error adaptation behavior at age 7 years shows specific sex differences.


2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. S328
Author(s):  
Guusje Collin ◽  
Clemens Bauer ◽  
Sheeba Arnold Anteraper ◽  
John Gabrieli ◽  
Elena Molotokos ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guusje Collin ◽  
Clemens C. C. Bauer ◽  
Sheeba Arnold Anteraper ◽  
John D. E. Gabrieli ◽  
Elena Molokotos ◽  
...  

Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders show disturbances in self-referential processing and associated neural circuits including the default mode network (DMN). These disturbances may precede the onset of psychosis and may underlie early social and emotional problems. In this study, we examined self-referential processing in a group of children (7–12 years) at familial high risk (FHR) for psychosis (N = 17), compared to an age and sex-matched group of healthy control (HC) children (N = 20). The participants were presented with a list of adjectives and asked to indicate whether or not the adjectives described them (self-reference condition) and whether the adjectives described a good or bad trait (semantic condition). Three participants were excluded due to chance-level performance on the semantic task, leaving N = 15 FHR and N = 19 HC for final analysis. Functional MRI (fMRI) was used to measure brain activation during self-referential vs. semantic processing. Internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Evaluating main effects of task (self > semantic) showed activation of medial prefrontal cortex in HC and precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in FHR. Group-comparison yielded significant results for the FHR > HC contrast, showing two clusters of hyperactivation in precuneus/ PCC (p = 0.004) and anterior cerebellum / temporo-occipital cortex (p = 0.009). Greater precuneus/PCC activation was found to correlate with greater CBCL internalizing (r = 0.60, p = 0.032) and total (r = 0.69, p = 0.009) problems. In all, this study shows hyperactivity of posterior DMN during self-referential processing in pre-adolescent FHR children. This finding posits DMN-related disturbances in self-processing as a developmental brain abnormality associated with familial risk factors that predates not just psychosis, but also the prodromal stage. Moreover, our results suggest that early disturbances in self-referential processing may be related to internalizing problems in at-risk children.


2021 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 327-335
Author(s):  
Anna Hester Ver Loren van Themaat ◽  
Nicoline Hemager ◽  
Line Korsgaard Johnsen ◽  
Birgitte Klee Burton ◽  
Ditte Ellersgaard ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-102
Author(s):  
Mary B. Daly ◽  
Tuya Pal ◽  
Michael P. Berry ◽  
Saundra S. Buys ◽  
Patricia Dickson ◽  
...  

The NCCN Guidelines for Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Breast, Ovarian, and Pancreatic focus primarily on assessment of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants associated with increased risk of breast, ovarian, and pancreatic cancer and recommended approaches to genetic testing/counseling and management strategies in individuals with these pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants. This manuscript focuses on cancer risk and risk management for BRCA-related breast/ovarian cancer syndrome and Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Carriers of a BRCA1/2 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant have an excessive risk for both breast and ovarian cancer that warrants consideration of more intensive screening and preventive strategies. There is also evidence that risks of prostate cancer and pancreatic cancer are elevated in these carriers. Li-Fraumeni syndrome is a highly penetrant cancer syndrome associated with a high lifetime risk for cancer, including soft tissue sarcomas, osteosarcomas, premenopausal breast cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer, adrenocortical carcinoma, and brain tumors.


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