scholarly journals Bidirectional Behavioral Selection in Mice: A Novel Pre-clinical Approach to Examining Compulsivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swarup Mitra ◽  
Abel Bult-Ito
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Clinical Heterogeneity ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Building Behavior

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and related disorders (OCRD) is one of the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders with no definitive etiology. The pathophysiological attributes of OCD are driven by a multitude of factors that involve polygenic mechanisms, gender, neurochemistry, physiological status, environmental exposures and complex interactions among these factors. Such complex intertwining of contributing factors imparts clinical heterogeneity to the disorder making it challenging for therapeutic intervention. Mouse strains selected for excessive levels of nest- building behavior exhibit a spontaneous, stable and predictable compulsive-like behavioral phenotype. These compulsive-like mice exhibit heterogeneity in expression of compulsive-like and other adjunct behaviors that might serve as a valuable animal equivalent for examining the interactions of genetics, sex and environmental factors in influencing the pathophysiology of OCD. The current review summarizes the existing findings on the compulsive-like mice that bolster their face, construct and predictive validity for studying various dimensions of compulsive and associated behaviors often reported in clinical OCD and OCRD.

Compulsivity in mouse strains homologous with chromosomes 7p and 15q linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 9999B ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a
Author(s):  
Martien J.H. Kas ◽  
Cigdem Gelegen ◽  
Filip van Nieuwerburgh ◽  
Herman G.M. Westenberg ◽  
Dieter Deforce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Does cognitive flexibility moderate the relationship between disgust sensitivity and contamination fear?

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S202-S202
Author(s):  
E. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Disgust Sensitivity ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Contamination Fear ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Relationship

High disgust sensitivity and poor cognitive flexibility have been independently identified as contributing factors in the aetiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. This study looks at the relationship between contamination fear and disgust sensitivity in a non-clinical population. In particular, at whether two moderating factors, cognitive flexibility and emotional reappraisal, have a buffering influence. One hundred participants from an undergraduate population completed a battery of questionnaires which rated their disgust and level of contamination fear. They also completed a set-shifting task to assess cognitive flexibility and an emotion regulation questionnaire. The mean age of the sample was 21.4 years with 62% of the sample population being female. SPSS 16 was used to correlate the main variables using Pearson's correlation and moderated regression, using MODPROBE, was used for analysis. Results confirmed previous findings that high disgust sensitivity is significantly associated with contamination fear (P < 0.01). In addition to this, both cognitive flexibility and emotional reappraisal reduced the influence that disgust has on an individual's contamination fear. Cognitive flexibility and emotion reappraisal were not found to be significantly correlated to each other (P = 0.511), which suggest that these variables moderate the relationship between disgust and contamination fear independently of each other. Individuals with poor cognitive flexibility and/or poor emotional reappraisal were found to have high levels of contamination fear, which suggests that these two variables may attenuate the relationship between disgust and contamination fear. Future implications of these findings have been discussed although further research is needed to confirm these conclusions in a clinical population.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

Core dimensions of obsessive–compulsive disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 969-975
Author(s):  
Sophie C. Schneider ◽  
Eric A Storch ◽  
Wayne K Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Clinical Heterogeneity ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Severe Disorder

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic, and often severe, disorder that is associated with substantial distress and impairment. Sustained research efforts have led to a better understanding of the classification, aetiology, presentation, and treatment of OCD. Further, the clinical heterogeneity of OCD has led to efforts to identify meaningful subtypes of the disorder, based on age of onset, the presence of comorbid tics, or the focus of OCD symptoms. There is substantial support for a multi-dimensional model of OCD where symptoms are conceptualized as multiple overlapping dimensions, consisting of symmetry/ordering, contamination/cleaning, harm/aggression, or sexual/religious symptoms. Evidence suggests that these dimensions may have differential associations with a range of genetic, neural, and clinical factors. The multi-dimensional approach to OCD is thus a promising future direction for OCD research.

scholarly journals A potential role for psilocybin in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Edward Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Multiple Signals ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Therapeutic Mechanisms

AbstractThe recent revivification of interest in the therapeutic use of psychedelics has had a particular focus on mood disorders and addiction, although there is reason to think these drugs may be effective more widely. After outlining pertinent aspects of psilocybin and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the current review summarizes the evidence indicating that there may be a role for psilocybin in the treatment of OCD, as well as highlighting a range of potential therapeutic mechanisms that reflect the action of psilocybin on brain function. Although the current evidence is limited, that multiple signals point in directions consistent with treatment potential, alongside the psychological and physiological safety of clinically administered psilocybin, support the expansion of research, both in animal models and in further randomized controlled trials, to properly investigate this potential.

Neurobiology of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Serotonin and Beyond

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (S3) ◽  
pp. 14-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman G.M. Westenberg ◽  
Naomi A. Fineberg ◽  
Damiaan Denys
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Dopamine System ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Pharmacologic Agents ◽  
Deep Brain

AbstractThe evidence for the involvement of the serotonergic system in the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is circumstantial at best, despite being the focus for most pathophysiological research over the last 2 decades. This hypothesis was initially motivated by the observed differential efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in alleviating OCD symptoms. Direct evidence that serotonergic perturbations are implicated in the pathophysiology of OCD is still sparse. There is growing evidence, from both preclinical and clinical studies, that the dopamine system may also be involved in the pathogenesis of OCD, and that dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways play a role in the genesis and maintenance of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The complex interactions between both systems, the phenotypic heterogeneity of the disorder, and the limitations of the available tests to probe both systems, make it as yet impossible to draw firm conclusions as to how these systems are implicated. Further studies with more selective pharmacologic agents and neurocognitive probes in humans, studies using deep brain stimulation in combination with neuroimaging, and the development of better animal models for OCD may further our understanding of this disabling condition.

New Biological Models of OCD: Implications of Subtypes

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (S1) ◽  
pp. 24-25
Author(s):  
Donatella Marazziti
Keyword(s):  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Clinical Heterogeneity ◽  
Biological Models ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Targeted Treatments

Neurobiological studies continue to generate new clues to the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Currently, the weight of evidence implicates serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptor dysfunctions, but there is also evidence for abnormalities in other neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and noradrenaline, in neuropeptides, and for infective and immunological mechanisms. Such findings foster further questions, in particular the identification of the 5-HT receptor subtype involved, the meaning of the serotonergic abnormalities described thus far, and their relationships with the evidence of dysfunctions of other systems.Certainly, new horizons can now be prospected for biological research in OCD with the ultimate goal of identifying the substrates of the clinical heterogeneity and of offering patients more targeted treatments.

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