Eye Movements and Cognitive Functioning in Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Network Analysis

Background: Eye movement parameters are often used during cognitive functioning assessments of patients with psychotic spectrum disorders. It is interesting to compare these oculomotor parameters with cognitive functions, as assessed using psychometric cognitive tests. A network analysis is preferable for understanding complex systems; therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the multidimensional relationships that exist between oculomotor reactions and neurocognition in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Materials and Methods: A total of 134 subjects (93 inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (ICD-10) and 41 healthy volunteers) participated in this study. Psychiatric symptom severity was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, and the Young Mania Rating Scale. Extrapyramidal symptoms were assessed using the Simpson-Angus Scale, and akathisia was assessed using the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale. Eye movements were recorded using an eye-tracker SMI RED 500, and cognitive function was assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia. The statistical analyses were conducted using Minitab 17 Statistical Software, version 17.2.1. Data visualization and additional analyses were performed in the R 4.0.3 environment, using RStudio V 1.3.1093 software.Results: A network model of neurocognitive and oculomotor functions was constructed for the patients. In the full network (which includes all correlations) the median antisaccade latency value is the central element of the oculomotor domain, and the Symbol Coding test, the Digit Sequencing test, and the Verbal Fluency test are central elements in the neurocognitive domain. Additionally, there were connections between other cognitive and oculomotor functions, except for the antisaccade error latency in the oculomotor domain and the Token Motor Task in the neurocognitive domain.Conclusion: Network analysis provides measurable criteria for the assessment of neurophysiological and neurocognitive abnormalities in patients with schizophrenic spectrum disorders and allows to select key targets for their management and cognitive remediation.

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S3. CHILDHOOD TRAUMA AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDERS: EFFECT OF FREQUENCY AND TYPE OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sby018.790 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. S324-S325

Author(s):

Nina Morkved ◽

Erik Johnsen ◽

Rune Kroken ◽

Rolf Gjestad ◽

Dagfinn Winje ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Childhood Trauma ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorders

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Awareness of illness moderates self-assessment of psychotic symptoms

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/00048674211057480 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 000486742110574

Author(s):

Luis Martinez Agulleiro ◽

Renato de Filippis ◽

Stella Rosson ◽

Bhagyashree Patil ◽

Lara Prizgint ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Psychiatric Rating ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Rating Scale

Objective: Self-reports or patient-reported outcome measures are seldom used in psychosis due to concerns about the ability of patients to accurately report their symptomatology, particularly in cases of low awareness of illness. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of insight on the accuracy of self-reported psychotic symptoms using a computerized adaptive testing tool (CAT-Psychosis). Methods: A secondary analysis of data drawn from the CAT-Psychosis development and validation study was performed. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Scale of Unawareness of Mental Disorders were administered by clinicians. Patients completed the self-reported version of the CAT-Psychosis. Patients were median-split regarding their insight level to compare the correlation between the two psychosis severity measures. A subgroup sensitivity analysis was performed only on patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Results: A total of 159 patients with a psychotic disorder who completed both CAT-Psychosis and Scale of Unawareness of Mental Disorders were included. For the whole sample, CAT-Psychosis scores showed convergent validity with Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ratings ( r = 0.517, 95% confidence interval = [0.392, 0.622], p < 0.001). Insight was found to moderate this correlation (β = –0.511, p = 0.005), yet agreement between both measures remained statistically significant for both high ( r = 0.621, 95% confidence interval = [0.476, 0.733], p < 0.001) and low insight patients ( r = 0.408, 95% confidence interval = [0.187, 0.589], p < 0.001), while psychosis severity was comparable between these groups (for Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale: U = 3057, z = –0.129, p = 0.897; disorganization: U = 2986.5, z = –0.274, p = 0.784 and for CAT-Psychosis: U = 2800.5, z = –1.022, p = 0.307). Subgroup of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders showed very similar results. Conclusions: Insight moderates the correlation between self-reported and clinician-rated severity of psychosis, yet CAT-Psychosis remains valid in patients with both high and low awareness of illness.

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Insight, positive and negative symptoms, hope, depression and self-stigma: a comprehensive model of mutual influences in schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences ◽

10.1017/s2045796013000322 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 271-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

B. Schrank ◽

M. Amering ◽

A. Grant Hay ◽

M. Weber ◽

I. Sibitz

Keyword(s):

Negative Symptoms ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Positive Symptoms ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Stigma Of Mental Illness ◽

Relevant Variables ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Positive And Negative Symptoms

Aims.Insight, positive and negative symptoms, hope, depression and self-stigma are relevant variables in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. So far, research on their mutual influences has been patchy. This study simultaneously tests the associations between these variables.Methods.A total of 284 people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were assessed using the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Integrative Hope Scale, Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale. Path analysis was applied to test the hypothesized relationships between the variables.Results.Model support was excellent. Strong and mutual causal influences were confirmed between hope, depression and self-stigma. The model supported the assumption that insight diminishes hope and increases depression and self-stigma. While negative symptoms directly affected these three variables, reducing hope and increasing depression and self-stigma, positive symptoms did not. However, positive symptoms diminished self-stigma on a pathway via insight.Conclusions.This study provides a comprehensive synopsis of the relationships between six variables relevant for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Research implications include the need to investigate determinants of consequences of insight, and the sequence of influences exerted by positive and negative symptoms. Clinical implications include the importance of interventions against self-stigma and of taking a contextualized approach to insight.

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Assessing psychopathy in forensic schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Validating the Comprehensive Assessment of the Psychopathic Personality-Institutional Rating Scale (CAPP-IRS)

Psychiatry Research ◽

10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.019 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 265 ◽

pp. 303-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Louis De Page ◽

Sophie Mercenier ◽

Pierre Titeca

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Comprehensive Assessment ◽

Psychopathic Personality ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorders

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The network structure of schizotypy in a population-based sample

10.31234/osf.io/2sgrx ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

David Dodell-Feder ◽

Abhishek Saxena ◽

Lauren Rutter ◽

Laura Germine

Keyword(s):

Network Analysis ◽

Network Structure ◽

Population Based ◽

Network Approach ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Personality Organization ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Network Approaches

Outcomes for people with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSDs) are generally poor making it important to understand risk states and illness transition. The network approach, which conceptualizes psychopathology as a network of causally interacting symptoms, may hold promise in this regard. Here, we present a network analysis of schizotypy—the personality organization involving schizophrenia-like phenomena that is thought to index one’s vulnerability for an SSD—using an international, population-based sample. In line with other research, we find that the schizotypy network is densely connected, characterized by three communities of items with interpersonal and disorganized features exhibiting the greatest centrality and predictability. Further, we find network differences between certain groups differing in levels of SSD risk. Together, these findings demonstrate the utility of using network approaches to understand SSD risk states as well as the replicability of network findings on schizotypy and related SSD risk concepts.

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Psychosocial function in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Relationship to neurocognition and clinical symptoms

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617710000573 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 771-783 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

CARMEN SIMONSEN ◽

KJETIL SUNDET ◽

ANJA VASKINN ◽

TORILL UELAND ◽

KRISTIN LIE ROMM ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Psychosocial Functioning ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Young Mania ◽

Psychosocial Function ◽

History Of ◽

Spectrum Disorders

AbstractIn line with a dimensional approach to psychopathology, we examined whether psychosocial function and its relationship to neurocognition and clinical symptoms differ across schizophrenia and bipolar disorder subgroups with and without a history of affective or psychotic episodes. From the TOP study, a heterogeneous sample of individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders without (n = 60) and with a history of affective episodes (n = 54); individuals with bipolar spectrum disorders with (n = 64) and without a history of psychosis (n = 56) and healthy controls (n = 268) participated. Psychosocial functioning was measured with the Social Functioning Scale (self-rated) and the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (clinician-rated), neurocognition with a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery, and symptoms with Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Young Mania Rating Scale, and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Clinician-rated functioning was poorer in schizophrenia groups than in bipolar groups, but self-rated functioning was similar across all clinical groups and poorer than in controls. Neurocognition and current clinical symptoms were associated with psychosocial function in bivariate analyses, but current symptoms had a greater independent contribution to functioning than neurocognition across clinical groups in multivariate analyses. Despite differences in neurocognition and psychosocial function, groups showed the same pattern in prediction of functioning irrespective of DSM-IV or clinical definition. (JINS, 2010, 16, 771–783.)

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