Goal Management Training and Computerized Cognitive Training in Depression—a 2-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: Information on the long-term effects of cognitive remediation (CR) in major depressive disorder (MDD) is lacking. The present study reports 2-year follow-up data from a previously published randomized controlled trial (RCT) from our research group, comparing Goal Management Training (GMT), a strategy-based CR intervention, to drill-and-practice computerized cognitive training (CCT). In previous work, we found comparable improvements in executive function (EF), in addition to reductions in depressive symptoms, following both GMT and CCT at 6-month follow-up.Methods: Forty-two participants of the RCT, all diagnosed with MDD, were invited to complete rating-scales pertaining daily-life EF, rumination, and depressive symptoms. Explorative analyses compared the 2-year follow-up with previously published baseline and 6-month follow-up data, using non-parametric statistics. Similarly, GMT and CCT were compared at the 2-year follow-up, and completers were compared with non-completers.Results: Twenty participants completed the study. Overall, completers (n = 20) and non-completers (n = 22) were similar. There were no significant differences between GMT (n = 11) and CCT (n = 9) for any outcome 2 years post-treatment. Reduction compared to baseline in depressive symptoms and rumination, but not in daily-life EFs, emerged for GMT only.Conclusions: Findings suggest long-term improvements in mental health following GMT, while improvements in everyday EFs might require additional treatment or maintenance to sustain. Caution is warranted in the interpretation due to the small sample size and high attrition rates.

Rehabilitation of Executive Functions in Patients with Chronic Acquired Brain Injury with Goal Management Training, External Cuing, and Emotional Regulation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617715001344 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 436-452 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Sveinung Tornås ◽

Marianne Løvstad ◽

Anne-Kristin Solbakk ◽

Jonathan Evans ◽

Tor Endestad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Executive Functioning ◽

Neuropsychological Tests ◽

Daily Life ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Acquired Brain Injury ◽

Executive Dysfunction ◽

Management Training ◽

Goal Management ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

AbstractExecutive dysfunction is a common consequence of acquired brain injury (ABI), causing significant disability in daily life. This randomized controlled trial investigated the efficacy of Goal Management TrainingTM(GMT) in improving executive functioning in patients with chronic ABI. Seventy patients with a verified ABI and executive dysfunction were randomly allocated to GMT (n=33) or a psycho-educative active control condition, Brain Health Workshop (BHW) (n=37). In addition, all participants received external cueing by text messages. Neuropsychological tests and self-reported questionnaires of executive functioning were administered pre-intervention, immediately after intervention, and at 6 months follow-up. Assessors were blinded to group allocation. Questionnaire measures indicated significant improvement of everyday executive functioning in the GMT group, with effects lasting at least 6 months post-treatment. Both groups improved on the majority of the applied neuropsychological tests. However, improved performance on tests demanding executive attention was most prominent in the GMT group. The results indicate that GMT combined with external cueing is an effective metacognitive strategy training method, ameliorating executive dysfunction in daily life for patients with chronic ABI. The strongest effects were seen on self-report measures of executive functions 6 months post-treatment, suggesting that strategies learned in GMT were applied and consolidated in everyday life after the end of training. Furthermore, these findings show that executive dysfunction can be improved years after the ABI. (JINS, 2016,22, 436–452)

A randomized controlled trial on errorless learning in goal management training: study rationale and protocol

BMC Neurology ◽

10.1186/1471-2377-13-64 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Dirk Bertens ◽

Luciano Fasotti ◽

Danielle HE Boelen ◽

Roy PC Kessels

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Management Training ◽

Errorless Learning ◽

Training Study ◽

Goal Management ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Goal Management Training of Executive Functions in Patients with Spina Bifida: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617713000209 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 672-685 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Jan Stubberud ◽

Donna Langenbahn ◽

Brian Levine ◽

Johan Stanghelle ◽

Anne-Kristine Schanke

Keyword(s):

Executive Functioning ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Real Life ◽

Management Training ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Neuropsychological Measures ◽

Goal Management ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

AbstractExecutive dysfunction causes significant real-life disability for patients with spina bifida (SB). However, no previous research has been directed toward the amelioration of executive functioning deficits amongst persons with SB. Goal Management Training (GMT) is a compensatory cognitive rehabilitation approach, addressing underlying deficits in sustained attention to improve executive function. GMT has received empirical support in studies of other patient groups. The purpose of the present study was to determine the efficacy of GMT in treating subjects with SB, using inpatient intervention periods. We hypothesized post-intervention changes in scores on neuropsychological measures to reflect improved attentional control, including sustained attention and inhibitory control. Thirty-eight adult subjects with SB were included in this randomized controlled trial. Inclusion was based upon the presence of executive functioning complaints. Experimental subjects (n = 24) received 21 hr of GMT, with efficacy of GMT being compared to results of subjects in a wait-list condition (n = 14). All subjects were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and at 6-month follow-up. Findings indicated superior effects of GMT on domain-specific neuropsychological measures and on a functional “real-life” measure, all lasting at least 6 months post-treatment. These results show that deficits in executive functioning can be ameliorated in patients with congenital brain dysfunction. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–14)

Use It or Lose It? A 5-Year Follow-up Study of Goal Management Training in Patients with Acquired Brain Injury

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617719000626 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (10) ◽

pp. 1082-1087

Author(s):

Sveinung Tornås ◽

Marianne Løvstad ◽

Anne-Kristin Solbakk ◽

Anne-Kristine Schanke ◽

Jan Stubberud

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Daily Life ◽

Acquired Brain Injury ◽

Management Training ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Goal Management ◽

AbstractObjectives:To determine the perceived 5-year outcome of Goal Management Training (GMT) for individuals with chronic acquired brain injury and executive dysfunction, when compared to a nonspecific psychoeducational intervention (Brain Health Workshop, BHW).Methods:Of the 67 subjects in the initial randomized controlled trial [Tornås et al. (2016). Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 1–17], 50 (GMT, n = 21; BHW, n = 29) subjects returned written consent and questionnaires (54% male, age 45.8 ± 10.9 years). The 5-year follow-up consisted of two questionnaires, including the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function for daily life executive function (EF) and Quality of Life after Brain Injury to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Changes related to daily life EF and HRQoL were assessed pre-treatment, post-treatment, 6-month follow-up, and 5-year follow-up. Data were analyzed using a 2 × 4 mixed-design ANOVA.Results:The findings indicate that GMT is efficacious in improving EF and HRQoL 6-month post-treatment. However, these changes failed to remain significant at 5-year follow-up.Conclusions:Data from 50 participants receiving either GMT or BHW suggested that the significant GMT-related improvements on perceived EF and HRQoL observed at 6-month follow-up were no longer present at 5-year follow-up. These findings indicate a need to promote maintenance of interventions post-treatment.

Goal Management Training Combined With External Cuing as a Means to Improve Emotional Regulation, Psychological Functioning, and Quality of Life in Patients With Acquired Brain Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ◽

10.1016/j.apmr.2016.06.014 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 97 (11) ◽

pp. 1841-1852.e3 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Sveinung Tornås ◽

Marianne Løvstad ◽

Anne-Kristin Solbakk ◽

Anne-Kristine Schanke ◽

Jan Stubberud

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Psychological Functioning ◽

Emotional Regulation ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Acquired Brain Injury ◽

Management Training ◽

Goal Management ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Emotional health and coping in spina bifida after goal management training: A randomized controlled trial.

Rehabilitation Psychology ◽

10.1037/rep0000018 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jan Stubberud ◽

Donna Langenbahn ◽

Brian Levine ◽

Johan Stanghelle ◽

Anne-Kristine Schanke

Keyword(s):

Spina Bifida ◽

Emotional Health ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Management Training ◽

Goal Management ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

And Coping ◽

Goal management training as a cognitive remediation intervention in depression: A randomized controlled trial

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 275 ◽

pp. 268-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bjørn Ingulfsvann Hagen ◽

Bjørn Lau ◽

Jutta Joormann ◽

Milada Cvancarova Småstuen ◽

Nils Inge Landrø ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Cognitive Remediation ◽

Management Training ◽

Goal Management ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Telephone-based goal management training for adults with mild traumatic brain injury: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Trials ◽

10.1186/s13063-015-0775-1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kristin R Archer ◽

Rogelio A Coronado ◽

Lori R Haislip ◽

Christine M Abraham ◽

Susan W Vanston ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Study Protocol ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Management Training ◽

Goal Management ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Faculty Opinions recommendation of A 10-year follow-up after transurethral resection of the prostate, contact laser prostatectomy and electrovaporization in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia; long-term results of a randomized controlled trial.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.3437956.4950054 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Peter Gilling ◽

Liam Wilson

Keyword(s):

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽

Transurethral Resection ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽

Long Term Results ◽

Laser Prostatectomy ◽

Randomized Controlled

Development of a Program based on Goal Management Training for Adolescents with Executive Dysfunctions Complaints

The Spanish Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1017/sjp.2021.17 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

Author(s):

Liana Garcia Nunes ◽

Alessandra Gotuzo Seabra

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Executive Functions ◽

Execution Time ◽

Management Training ◽

Intellectual Ability ◽

Control Group ◽

Goal Management ◽

Executive Dysfunctions ◽

Abstract This study aimed to develop a program based on Goal Management Training (GMT) and to investigate its effectiveness on executive functions, through formal instruments and an ecological task. Participants were 25 adolescents with complaints of executive dysfunctions. They underwent neuropsychological assessment of working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, planning, and intellectual ability. Participants also took part in a cooking activity and were evaluated for errors per action, of omission, activity performance time, recipe consultation. After, they were randomly allocated to an active control group (CG), which underwent psychoeducation sessions, and an experimental group (EG), stimulated through GMT in eight sessions. Then participants underwent another assessment and follow-up after 4 weeks. In post-intervention analyses, results showed an improvement in executive functions in EG, in the working memory measurement and time of the ecological activity (g = 1.78 and .93, respectively), IQ (g = −1.01), reasoning (g = −.89), flexibility (g = −1.21), and inhibition (g = −3.11). In follow-up evaluation, large-size effects were observed on flexibility (g = −2.95), inhibition (g = −5.78) and execution time of the ecological activity (g = .98). Significant interactions between assessment Time x Group revealed EG gains in IQ, scores in reasoning and flexibility. EG also had longer execution time in flexibility and inhibition tests. That is, EG had greater scores and probably was less impulsive in these tests. Furthermore, EG decreased the number of verifications and the time in the ecological task, that is, had a more efficient performance. Results suggest the intervention can be as instrument to promote executive function.