Low Temperature Biodisinfection Effectiveness for Phytophthora capsici Control of Protected Sweet Pepper Crops in the Southeast of Spain

Biodisinfection using fresh sheep manure in August is effective in controlling Phytophthora root rot in greenhouses in southeast Spain, but this is not the case after the beginning of September. The effectiveness of biodisinfection of new amendments has been evaluated beginning in October in sweet pepper greenhouses to control Phytophthora capsici. The amendments used were: T1: wheat husk + fresh sheep manure (FSM), 3.5 kg m−2; T2: sunflower pellets 3.5 kg m−2; T3: FSM: 3.5 kg m−2; T4: Control. Temperatures above 40°C were obtained in some amendments; anoxic conditions were found in all amendments, and also a reduction of the viability of P. capsici oospores with respect to the control, as well as a higher yield. The contribution of fresh sheep manure to the amendments did not lead to an improvement in their effectiveness. Autumn biodisinfection under low temperature conditions using fresh organic amendments that enhance soil anaerobic conditions may be a promising strategy for the control of P. capsici in pepper greenhouses in southeastern Spain.

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Effect of Anticonvulsants on the Uptake of 5-Methyltetrahydrofolic Acid by the Choroid Plexus in Rabbits

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0530075 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 75-80

Author(s):

H. Taguchi ◽

Z. Abdul-Cader ◽

J. Perry ◽

E. H. Reynolds ◽

I. Chanarin

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Choroid Plexus ◽

Incubation Medium ◽

Pernicious Anaemia ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Anaerobic Conditions ◽

Acid Therapy ◽

Pteroylglutamic Acid

1. The isolated choroid plexus of the rabbit takes up 5-methyltetrahydrofolate from the incubation medium. 2. Other folate analogues (pteroylglutamic acid, methotrexate, 5-formyltetrahydrofolate = folinic acid) inhibited the uptake of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. 3. The uptake of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate was inhibited by low temperature, anaerobic conditions and dinitrophenol. 4. The anticonvulsant drugs, diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital, had no effect on 5-methyltetrahydrofolate uptake. 5. The inhibitory effect of pteroylglutamic acid on the uptake of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate by the choroid plexus may explain the effect of long-term folic acid therapy in aggravating vitamin B12 neuropathy in pernicious anaemia.

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Caractérisation ultrastructurale d'une résistance induite par un éliciteur d'origine fongique, chez un cultivar sensible de Piment

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b90-050 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 381-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. Coulomb ◽

P. J. Coulomb ◽

I. Saimmaime ◽

Y. Lizzi ◽

C. Polian

Keyword(s):

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Defense Response ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Phytophthora Capsici ◽

Physiological State ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Host Cells ◽

Lytic Function ◽

Wall Appositions

Elicitation of a sensitive sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivar roots by immersion in the culture medium of Trichoderma album induces resistance in leaves infected by Phytophthora capsici. In infected tissues, host cells are intact and develop wall formations that look like typical wall appositions, but differ from them by the presence of a substance of cytoplasmic origin, which is phagocytized and degraded, conferring a lytic function and unusual dynamics to these structures. The involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum and peroxysomes in eventual detoxification processes is discussed. The resistance induced by this elicitor seems to be programmed by the establishment of a reactive physiological state, which produces the defense response.

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Evaluation of Trichoderma harzianum for controlling root rot caused by Phytophthora capsici in pepper plants

Plant Pathology ◽

10.1046/j.1365-3059.1999.00317.x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 58-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

A. Sid Ahmed ◽

C. Perez-Sanchez ◽

C. Egea ◽

M. E. Candela

Keyword(s):

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Root Rot ◽

Phytophthora Capsici ◽

Pepper Plants

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Morphological and molecular evaluation for germinability in rice varieties under low-temperature and anaerobic conditions

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s12892-016-0083-1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 21-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Do Yoon Hyun ◽

MyeongWon Oh ◽

Yu-Mi Choi ◽

Sukyeung Lee ◽

Myung-Chul Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Anaerobic Conditions ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Molecular Evaluation

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Metabolic and Tissue Solute Changes Associated With Changes in the Freezing Tolerance of the Bivalve Mollusc Modiolus Demissus

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.69.1.1 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

DENNIS J. MURPHY

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Freezing Tolerance ◽

Anaerobic Metabolism ◽

Arrhenius Plot ◽

Physiological Mechanism ◽

Temperature Acclimation ◽

Anaerobic Conditions ◽

Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽

Dependent Mechanism

1. A physiological mechanism responsible for increasing the freezing tolerance of the bivalve Modiolus demissus (Dillwyn) following low-temperature acclimation was demonstrated. 2. The rates of oxygen consumption of M. demissus acclimated to temperatures between 0 and 24 °C were presented as an Arrhenius plot. A change in slope occurred at 10 °C, suggesting that temperature alone was not responsible for the increased decline in the rate of oxygen consumption below 10 °C. 3. Low-temperature acclimation had no effect on blood Na+ or K+ concentrations but did reduce the concentration of blood Mg2+ and, in addition, resulted in the accumulation of end-products characteristic of anaerobic metabolism - tissue alanine and proline, and blood Ca2+. Furthermore, maintenance of M. demissus under anaerobic conditions increased freezing tolerance. 4. Taken together, these data indicate that the increased freezing tolerance of M. demissus acclimated to low temperatures involves a conversion to anaerobic metabolism. 5. The increase in blood Ca2+ following low-temperature acclimation was associated with the increased freezing tolerance. Finally, Mg2+ simulated the effect of Ca2+ on freezing tolerance, but was only 20% as effective. 6. These results suggest that a Ca2+-dependent mechanism responsible for increasing the freezing tolerance of M. demissus exists, and that the increase in blood Ca2+ is due to a conversion to anaerobic metabolism.

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Factors controlling B12 uptake by intestinal sacs in vitro

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1960.198.1.103 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 198 (1) ◽

pp. 103-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Elliott W. Strauss ◽

T. Hastings Wilson

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Guinea Pig ◽

Calcium Ion ◽

Intrinsic Factor ◽

Intestinal Wall ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Anaerobic Conditions ◽

Intestinal Uptake

Sacs of everted small intestine were incubated in bicarbonate-saline containing radioactive vitamin B12 with or without a source of gastric intrinsic factor (IF). In both the hamster and guinea pig the lowest ileum was most active in B12 uptake in the presence of intrinsic factor, the upper jejunum showing little or no uptake. Low temperature and anaerobic conditions completely abolished the stimulatory effect of IF on B12 uptake. Intrinsic factor did not bind to the intestinal wall in the absence of B12 (even in the presence of calcium ion) as the IF activity could be completely removed by gentle washing of the tissue. The vitamin and intrinsic factor must be present together to cause intestinal uptake of B12.

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Phosphite effect on hot and sweet pepper reaction to Phytophthora capsici

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162004000500005 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 61 (5) ◽

pp. 492-495 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fernando Cesar Sala ◽

Cyro Paulino da Costa ◽

Márcia de Moraes Echer ◽

Marise Cagnin Martins ◽

Sally Ferreira Blat

Keyword(s):

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Adult Stage ◽

Phytophthora Capsici ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Hot Pepper ◽

Heterozygous Genotype ◽

Capsicum Annuum L ◽

Fruiting Stage ◽

Resistant Lines

Phosphite has been recommended to enhance plant resistance against Phytophthora. This work evaluated the response of hot and sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to Phytophthora capsici from juvenile up to the adult stage following treatment with phosphite. Sweet pepper hybrids considered to be resistant to P. capsici, like Reinger, Nathalie and Athenas, were evaluated. The susceptible checks were hybrid Magali R and cvs. Myr 10 and Ikeda. Hot pepper Criollo de Morelos 328, CM 334, BGH 3756, BGH 5122, CNPH 294 and Locorte were used as referential resistant lines. Phosphite did not have an effect on the hot pepper resistant lines because of their genetic homozygozity, while no protection was observed for the Athenas hybrid claimed to be resistant. Heterozygous hybrids recognized as resistant, like Reinger and Nathalie, showed higher survival following phosphite treatment, and their reaction was equivalent to the resistant cvs. CM 328 and CM 334, except for the fruiting stage. Depending of the hybrid heterozygous genotype, phosphite possibly acts through indirect phytoalexin induction through the inhibited pathogen.

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Utilizing the combined antifungal potential of Trichoderma spp. and organic amendments against dry root rot of mungbean

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-019-0187-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anam Choudhary ◽

Shabbir Ashraf

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Root Nodules ◽

Organic Amendments ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Rhizoctonia Bataticola ◽

Neem Cake ◽

Greenhouse Study

AbstractThe present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of bioagents and organic amendments in suppressing the dry root rot of mungbean incited by Rhizoctonia bataticola. The locally isolated pathogen and fungal biocontrol agents were identified based on morphological and molecular characterization. These identified bioagents were tested in vitro, and the highest mycelial inhibition was recorded in dual culture assay by Trichoderma harzianum (74.44%), and among organic amendments, maximum mycelial inhibition was found in neem cake (61.11%). In a greenhouse study, T. harzianum + neem cake effectively enhanced the percent germination (93.33%) and decreased the percent disease mortality (11.67%) than the other treatments. The morphological parameter like plant height (57.50 cm), dry weight (22.83 g) root nodules (51), pods/plant (58), and 100-seed weight (5.78 g) were found to be at the maximum in this combined application. Physiological pigments viz. chlorophyll (2.41 mg/g) and carotenoids (0.19 mg/g), protein content (5.85 mg/g), and leghemoglobin (11.75 mg/g) were also found to be maximum in T. harzianum + neem cake and minimum phenol content (1.41 mg/g). The study concludes that T. harzianum + neem cake can be recommended as an effective approach for the management of dry root rot of mungbean.

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