Investigation of Body Development in Growing Holstein Heifers With Special Emphasis on Body Fat Development Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis

This study analyzed skeletal development, body condition, and total body fat development of growing heifers. A total of 144 female primiparous Holstein cattle from four commercial dairy farms with different degrees of stillbirth rates were examined during the rearing period. This included measurements in body condition, fat tissue, metabolic, and endocrine factors. Pelvic measurements and the sacrum height were analyzed to assess skeletal development. The body condition was classified via body condition scoring, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), back fat thickness measurements, and the body mass. For the first time, BIA was used as an appropriate method to evaluate the fat tissue content of cattle throughout the rearing period. This analysis technique can be performed on heifers aged 8–15 months. Throughout that period, the fat content decreased while the skeletal development increased. In addition, high free fatty acid concentrations in serum of the animals with high frame development were found, supporting our hypothesis that stored energy of body fat deposits is used for skeletal growth. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate complex endocrine relationships between fat metabolism and skeletal growth by using specific markers, such as leptin, insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and estradiol (E2). Food analysis showed high crude protein (CP) levels in the total mixed ration above recommendation for daily protein intake of all farms. However, there was a positive correlation between CP and the body frame measurements in our study. In summary, we established a novel regression formula for BIA analysis (“BIA-Heine”) in heifers to evaluate the body composition throughout different ages and physiological stages in the development of heifers. This special formula allows the evaluation of fat tissue without a whole-body analysis and therefore provides an innovative technique for animal welfare support.

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Relationship between the Body Fat Content Assessed by a Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Metabolic Syndrome-Related Blood Parameters

The Japanese Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics ◽

10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.67.323 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 67 (6) ◽

pp. 323-330

Author(s):

Mami Matsushita ◽

Kumiko Watanabe ◽

Masayuki Saito

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Fat ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Impedance Analysis ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Fat Content ◽

The Body ◽

Body Fat Content

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Use of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) for Predicting Body Fat in Three Populations of Hibernating Black Bears

The UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports ◽

10.13001/uwnpsrc.1996.3267 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 15-19

Author(s):

H. Harlow ◽

D. Tinker ◽

J. Erwin ◽

R. Grogan ◽

T. Beck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Body Condition ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽

Tritiated Water ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Black Bear ◽

Impedance Analysis ◽

Black Bears ◽

Female Group ◽

Lactating Females

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a tool used to provide a measure of body water content and total body fat in an organism. Recently, researchers have validated BIA against tritiated water techniques in the laboratory and proposed it as a fast, non-invasive method for assessing body condition in free-ranging black bears. In the present study, we field tested BIA as a plausible tool for investigating body fat utilization during hibernation by three black bear populations in the Rocky Mountains. Body fat content in the fall ranged from a mean of about 39% for a group of large, lactating females down to about 29% by two groups of bears consisting of males and mostly non-lactating females. Daily rates of body fat use were greater for the larger, lactating female group than either of the other two groups. Although the fat data determined by BIA appear useful in terms of trends and relative changes, many of the absolute values are inconsistent and perhaps inaccurate. Because BIA is so sensitive to a variety of factors typical of field conditions, we recommend it not be used as the sole source for assessing body condition of large animals such as black bears.

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Body Composition and Bioelectrical-Impedance-Analysis-Derived Raw Variables in Pole Dancers

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182312638 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (23) ◽

pp. 12638

Author(s):

Giada Ballarin ◽

Luca Scalfi ◽

Fabiana Monfrecola ◽

Paola Alicante ◽

Alessandro Bianco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Impedance Analysis ◽

The Body ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Whole Body ◽

Fat Percentage

Few data are available on the body composition of pole dancers. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a method that is used to estimate fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM), while raw BIA variables, such as the impedance ratio (IR) and phase angle (PhA), are markers of body cell mass and the ratio between extracellular and total body water. The aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition of pole dancers compared to controls, in particular, those raw BIA variables that are considered as markers of muscle composition. Forty female pole dancers and 59 controls participated in the study. BIA was performed on the whole body and upper and lower limbs, separately, at 5, 50, 100 and 250 kHz. The FFM, FFM index, FM and body fat percentage (BF%) were predicted. The bioelectrical impedance indexes IR and PhA were also considered. Pole dancers exhibited higher FFMI and BI indexes and lower BF%. PhA was greater and IRs were smaller in pole dancers than in controls for the whole body and upper limbs. Considering the training level, FFM, whole-body IR and PhA were higher in the professionals than non-professionals. Raw BIA variables significantly differed between the pole dancers and controls, suggesting a higher BCM; furthermore, practicing pole dancing was associated with a greater FFM and lower FM.

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Determination of body fat percentage by bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

Medical alphabet ◽

10.33667/2078-5631-2021-16-30-34 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 30-34

Author(s):

O. A. Nikitinskaya ◽

N. V. Toroptsova

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Fat ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Impedance Analysis ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

The Body ◽

X Ray ◽

Percentage Of Body Fat

Obesity is a risk factor for many chronic diseases. Several research methods are used to determine the amount of body fat, including the «gold standard» dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method is an alternative for assessing body composition that does not require special conditions for placement and examination, but the accuracy of its results depends on the hydration of the body.Objective. To compare the results of determining the percentage of body fat using multi-frequency (MF) BIA and DXA.Material and methods. The study included 20 volunteers (11 women and 9 men) aged 26 to 70 years without serious metabolic, cardiovascular or endocrine diseases. Two repeated measurements were performed using the MF-BIA method on the MS FIT device and the DXA method on the Lunar Prodigy Advance device.Results. There were no significant differences in the average percentage of body fat in repeated measurements by MF-BIA and DXA methods, and the intra-group correlation coefficients (r2 ) were 0.999 and 0.997, respectively. A high and significant correlation in percentage of body fat was found between the MF-BIA and DXA (r = 0.973, p < 0.001). The average difference between the results of these two methods was 0.1243%. Differences in percentage of body fat that exceeded two or more standard deviations were detected less than in 5% cases, so the data on body fat content estimated using DXA and BIA are consistent and can be considered almost equal.Conclusion. Our study has shown that the MS FIT body composition device using the MF-BIA method can be an alternative to DXA for assessing the percentage of body fat without introducing additional formulas to recalculate the data obtained.

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