scholarly journals Pressure Algometry Validation and Determination of Efficacy of Articaine Hydrochloride Ring Block in Antler Removal in Red Deer (Cervus elaphus)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2023
Author(s):  
Farzin Sahebjam ◽  
Kavitha Kongara ◽  
John Paul Chambers ◽  
Ruth Ellen Walker ◽  
Rafea Naffa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Postoperative Pain Management ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Nociceptive Response ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Velvet Antler ◽  
Significant Difference

New Zealand deer farming centres on the production of meat and velvet antler. Velvet antler removal is a painful procedure and currently, New Zealand Animal Welfare regulations dictate surgical removal of velvet antlers under lignocaine anaesthesia. To improve our knowledge on the efficacy and duration of other local anaesthetics to mitigate pain after antler removal, it is important to accurately assess and quantify pain arising from antler removal. Therefore, the current study was designed to validate mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) testing using a Wagner hand-held algometer, and to apply this methodology to assess the efficacy and duration of action of articaine for antler removal in deer. Baseline force (N) required to elicit the nociceptive response was recorded in 40 yearling male red deer on three alternate days. Ten of the 40 animals were selected for antler removal after administration of 4% articaine hydrochloride as a ring block. The duration of analgesic efficacy of articaine was assessed by algometry across 5 time points. There was a significant difference in MNTs among the three days (day 3 versus day 1 (p < 0.0001), day 2 versus day 1 (p < 0.0001), and day 1 versus day 2 (p < 0.01)). Positive correlations were observed between weight, antler length and thresholds. The MNT values remained above 20N for 6 h after removal of velvet antlers under the articaine ring block. This study provides valuable information about the use of MNT in red deer. These findings lay a foundation for future studies in the topics of peri-operative and postoperative pain management in deer antler removal, and a possible alternative use for articaine.

scholarly journals Efficacy of perineural versus systemic dexamethasone in prolonging analgesia after ultrasound guided femoral and sciatic nerve block for patients undergoing below knee surgeries

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Abdelaziz ◽  
H M Elzahaby ◽  
A A Elshebeiny ◽  
D M Heiba
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Block ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Sensory Block ◽  
Postoperative Pain Management ◽  
Sciatic Nerve Block ◽  
Dexamethasone Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background Poorly controlled acute pain after surgery is associated with a variety of unwanted postoperative consequences, including patient suffering, distress, myocardial ischemia, prolonged hospital stay and increase of chronic pain. Neuroaxial block is used for postoperative pain management and decrease analgesic use. Objective to compare the analgesic efficacy of both, intravenous and perineural administration of dexamethasone during femoral and sciatic nerve block using bupivacaine in patients undergoing below knee surgeries. Patients and Methods In our study, 50 patients were randomly divided into two equal groups: Group A (Perineural Dexamethasone group) [n = 25]: Those cases received 2ml volume of dexamethasone (8mg) combined with the 20 ml of bupivacaine of 0.5% concentration in each block, followed by injecting 5 ml saline intravenous. Group B (Systemic Dexamethasone group) [n = 25]: Those cases received 2 ml of dexamethasone (8mg) diluted over 3 cm saline in a 5 ml syringe following injection of the perineural 20 ml bupivacaine (0.5%) combined with 2 ml saline to have the same syringe volume for each block. Results Our study showed that onset time for sensory block was (25.39 ± 3.79) mins for systemic group and (18.85 ± 4.11) mins in perineural group with a significant statistical difference (P &lt; 0.001) between both groups as the onset of sensory block in perineural group was significantly shorter than the systemic group and the duration of sensory block was (650.00 ± 62.8) mins in systemic group and (718.52 ± 62.06) mins in perineural group. The duration of sensory block was significantly shorter in systemic group than in perineural group with statistically high significant difference between groups (P &lt; 0.001). Onset time for motor block was (30.61 ± 4.89) mins in systemic group and (27.59 ± 3.31) mins in perineural group. Perineural group had shorter time of onset than systemic dexamethasone group with a significant difference between groups (P = 0.013). The duration of analgesia was significantly longer in perineural group than systemic group (P &lt; 0.001) Conclusion Dexamethasone was seen to be a potent adjunct to local anesthetic to prolong post operative analgesia with negligible side effects & better outcome to the perineural route.

Haematological reference values for farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) in New Zealand

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Cross ◽  
C. G. Mackintosh ◽  
J. F. T. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer

Reproductive performance of farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) in New Zealand: V

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 189-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J.M. Audigé ◽  
P.R. Wilson ◽  
R.S. Morris
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer

Alpha and gamma herpesvirus detection in two herds of farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) in New Zealand

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Squires ◽  
PR Wilson ◽  
NC Whelan ◽  
AC Johnstone ◽  
MA Ayanegui-Alcérreca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Gamma Herpesvirus

Reproductive performance of farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) in New Zealand

1999 ◽  
Vol 55 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 239-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Audigé ◽  
Peter R Wilson ◽  
Roger S Morris
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer

scholarly journals Sperm Collection From Shot Red Deer Stags (Cervus Elaphus) and the Utilisation of Sperm Frozen and Subsequently Thawed

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Zomborszky ◽  
T. Zubor ◽  
J. Tóth ◽  
P. Horn
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Bovine Semen ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Intravaginal Device ◽  
Plastic Products

Sperm samples were collected from the epididymides of 11 hunter-killed stags (Cervus elaphus hippelaphus) within 2 to 17 h post mortem in September 1991. Progressively motile spermatozoa were diluted and deep-frozen in tris-yolk extender by a procedure routinely used for bovine semen. The pre-freezing motility of spermatozoa from 6 stags was higher than 80%, while the sperm of 5 animals was found to be unsuitable for dilution. In the post-thawed sperm of six stags 40-50% of the spermatozoa showed progressive motility and the number of viable spermatozoa ranged from 8.6 to 26.7 × 106 per 0.25 ml straw. Two years later, three hinds were superovulated by the use of a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (CIDR type G, Carter, Holt Harvey Plastic Products Group Ltd., Hamilton, New Zealand) for a period of 14 days and with follicle stimulating hormone (Folicotropin inj., Spofa, Prague). Each hind was inseminated artificially 60 h after the withdrawal of CIDR with thawed sperm injected into the uterus via the vagina. Seven days later the uteri were flushed out, as a result of which 3 early blastocysts + 1 ovum, 3 morulae + 4 ova, and 1 morula + 7 ova, respectively, were recovered from the three hinds. Deer embryos were frozen according to a glycerolbased freezing protocol. A further two years later two hinds were oestrussynchronised with CIDR type G and 300 IU PMSG (Folligon inj., Intervet, NL), and two of the thawed embryos were transplanted into two recipient hinds 7 days after heat. One of these gave birth to a normal stag fawn in June 1996. This was the first deer born in Hungary from embryo transfer. The results obtained indicate that sperm from top stags shot in the course of hunting can prove useful for the preservation of genetic material or in the development of the farmed deer system.

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