Evaluation of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Immune Response after LCDV-Sa DNA Vaccination

Lymphocystis disease is the main viral pathology reported in gilthead seabream. Its etiological agent is Lymphocystis disease virus 3 (LCDV-Sa), genus Lymphocystivirus, family Iridoviridae. There are no effective treatments or vaccines for LCDV control, thus the main aim of this study was to develop a DNA vaccine, and to evaluate both the protection conferred against LCDV-Sa infection and the immune response in vaccinated fish. The vaccine was constructed by cloning the mcp gene (ORF LCDVSa062R) into pcDNA3.1/NT-GFP-TOPO. Two independent vaccination trials were conducted. In the first one, 5–7 g fish were intramuscularly injected with the vaccine (pcDNA-MCP) or the empty-plasmid, and the distribution and expression of the vaccine was investigated. Furthermore, vaccinated fish were challenged with LCDV-Sa in order to access the protective capacity of the vaccine. In the second trial, 70–100 g fish were vaccinated as specified, and the immune response was evaluated analyzing the expression of 23 immune-related genes and the production of specific antibodies. The results showed that the vaccine triggers an immune response characterized by the overexpression of genes relating to the inflammatory process, but not the innate antiviral immunity relating to type I IFN (interferon), and also induces the production of specific neutralizing antibodies, which could explain the protection against LCDV-Sa in vaccinated fish.

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Characterization of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) immune response under a natural lymphocystis disease virus outbreak

Journal of Fish Diseases ◽

10.1111/jfd.12481 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 (12) ◽

pp. 1467-1476 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

H Cordero ◽

A Cuesta ◽

J Meseguer ◽

M A Esteban

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Gilthead Seabream ◽

Lymphocystis Disease Virus ◽

Lymphocystis Disease

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Immune response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) after experimental infection with lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV-Sa)

Fish & Shellfish Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.076 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 91 ◽

pp. 391

Author(s):

R. Leiva-Rebollo ◽

A. Labella ◽

D. Castro ◽

J.J. Borrego

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Experimental Infection ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Gilthead Seabream ◽

Lymphocystis Disease Virus ◽

Lymphocystis Disease

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Carvacrol, Thymol, and Garlic Essential Oil Promote Skin Innate Immunity in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Through the Multifactorial Modulation of the Secretory Pathway and Enhancement of Mucus Protective Capacity

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.633621 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Joana P. Firmino ◽

Laura Fernández-Alacid ◽

Eva Vallejos-Vidal ◽

Ricardo Salomón ◽

Ignasi Sanahuja ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Immune Response ◽

Innate Immunity ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Secretory Pathway ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Gilthead Seabream ◽

Protective Capacity ◽

Skin Mucus ◽

Garlic Essential Oil

One of the main targets for the use of phytogenics in aquafeeds is the mucosal tissues as they constitute a physical and biochemical shield against environmental and pathogenic threats, comprising elements from both the innate and acquired immunity. In the present study, the modulation of the skin transcriptional immune response, the bacterial growth capacity in skin mucus, and the overall health condition of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles fed a dietary supplementation of garlic essential oil, carvacrol, and thymol were assessed. The enrichment analysis of the skin transcriptional profile of fish fed the phytogenic-supplemented diet revealed the regulation of genes associated to cellular components involved in the secretory pathway, suggesting the stimulation, and recruitment of phagocytic cells. Genes recognized by their involvement in non-specific immune response were also identified in the analysis. The promotion of the secretion of non-specific immune molecules into the skin mucus was proposed to be involved in the in vitro decreased growth capacity of pathogenic bacteria in the mucus of fish fed the phytogenic-supplemented diet. Although the mucus antioxidant capacity was not affected by the phytogenics supplementation, the regulation of genes coding for oxidative stress enzymes suggested the reduction of the skin oxidative stress. Additionally, the decreased levels of cortisol in mucus indicated a reduction in the fish allostatic load due to the properties of the tested additive. Altogether, the dietary garlic, carvacrol, and thymol appear to promote the gilthead seabream skin innate immunity and the mucus protective capacity, decreasing its susceptibility to be colonized by pathogenic bacteria.

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