scholarly journals Spatial Behavior and Habitat Use of Two Sympatric Bat Species

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3460
Author(s):  
Nicole Starik ◽  
Thomas Göttert ◽  
Ulrich Zeller
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Convex Polygons ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Activity Areas

Movement behavior and habitat use of the long-eared bat species Plecotus auritus and Plecotus austriacus were studied in the Havelland region in Brandenburg (Germany). Data collection included mist-netting, radiotelemetry, reconstruction of prey items, and monitoring of roosting sites. Body measurements confirm a high degree of phenotypic similarity between the two species. Total activity areas (100% Minimum Convex Polygons, MCPS) of Plecotus austriacus (2828.3 ± 1269.43 ha) were up to five-fold larger compared to Plecotus auritus (544.54 ± 295.89 ha). The activity areas of Plecotus austriacus contained up to 11 distinct core areas, and their mean total size (149.7 ± 0.07 ha) was approximately three-fold larger compared to core areas of Plecotus auritus (49.2 ± 25.6 ha). The mean distance between consecutive fixes per night was 12.72 ± 3.7 km for Plecotus austriacus and 4.23 ± 2.8 km for Plecotus auritus. While Plecotus austriacus was located most frequently over pastures (>40%) and meadows (>20%), P. auritus was located mostly within deciduous (>50%) and mixed forests (>30%) in close vicinity to its roosts. Roost site monitoring indicates that the activity of P. austriacus is delayed relative to P. auritus in spring and declined earlier in autumn. These phenological differences are probably related to the species’ respective diets. Levins’ measure of trophic niche breadth suggests that the prey spectrum for P. auritus is more diverse during spring (B = 2.86) and autumn (B = 2.82) compared to P. austriacus (spring: B = 1.7; autumn: B = 2.1). Our results give reason to consider these interspecific ecological variations and species-specific requirements of P. auritus and P. austriacus to develop adapted and improved conservation measures.

Interactions between habitat use, behavior, and the trophic niche of lacertid lizards

2010 ◽  
pp. 427-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bieke Vanhooydonck ◽  
Anthony Herrel ◽  
Raoul Van Damme
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Lacertid Lizards ◽  
Use Behavior

scholarly journals Experimental traffic noise attracts birds during the breeding season

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1591-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwen Hennigar ◽  
Jeffrey P Ethier ◽  
David R Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Microphone Array ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
Swainson’S Thrush ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Avian Vocalizations

Abstract Understanding how anthropogenic disturbance affects animal behavior is challenging because observational studies often involve co-occurring disturbances (e.g., noise, lighting, and roadways), and laboratory experiments often lack ecological validity. During the 2016 and 2017 avian breeding seasons, we investigated the effects of anthropogenic noise and light on the singing and spatial behavior of wild birds by independently manipulating the presence of each type of disturbance at 89 sites in an otherwise undisturbed boreal forest in Labrador, Canada. Each treatment was surrounded by an eight-channel microphone array that recorded and localized avian vocalizations throughout the manipulation. We analyzed the effects of noise and light on the timing of the first vocalizations of each species at each array during the dawn chorus, and on the proximity of the vocalizing birds to the disturbance when those songs were produced. We analyzed all species combined, and then conducted separate analyses for the six most common species: boreal chickadee, dark-eyed junco, ruby-crowned kinglet, Swainson’s thrush, white-throated sparrow, and yellow-rumped warbler. When all species were analyzed together, we found that traffic noise attracted vocalizing birds. There was some evidence that light repelled birds, but this evidence was inconsistent. In our species-specific analyses, yellow-rumped warbler sang earlier in response to noise; Swainson’s thrush was attracted to noise and the combination of noise and light but repelled by light alone. Our study provides some of the first experimental evidence of the independent and combined effects of traffic noise and light on the vocal and spatial behavior of wild birds and suggests that breeding birds may be attracted to noisy roads where they could be exposed to additional forms of disturbance.

Fractionation of carbonic anhydrase activity in Gracilaria sp. (Rhodophyta) and Enteromorpha intestinalis (Chlorophyta): changes in the extracellular activity in response to inorganic carbon levels

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús R. Andría ◽  
Juan J. Vergara ◽  
J. Lucas Pérez-Lloréns
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Activity ◽  
Enteromorpha Intestinalis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Carbon Availability ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Extracellular Activity

The presence of different carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1) activities has been investigated in the intertidal macroalgae Gracilaria sp. and Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) Nees by using fractionation techniques. Activities, measured potentiometrically, were recorded for all fractions in both species, including those containing proteins associated with chloroplast membranes. In Gracilaria sp., most of the total activity was present in the soluble fraction, while similar activities were obtained for all fractions in E. intestinalis. By using inhibitors with a different capacity to enter the cell (acetazolamide and 6-ethoxyzolamide, inhibitors of external and total activity, respectively), a surface-accessible location was indicated for a high proportion of the soluble activity obtained in Gracilaria sp. In E. intestinalis, the inhibitor assays showed a substantial dependence of photosynthesis on intracellular activity. The short-term regulation of the extracellular activity in response to inorganic carbon availability was also examined in both macroalgae. Rapid repression (after 2 h) of the activity was recorded when Gracilaria sp. was transferred from limited to replete carbon conditions, while a fairly constant activity was recorded for E. intestinalis. In contrast, an increase of external activity was obtained for both macroalgae after being transferred to carbon-limited conditions, this response being more pronounced in E. intestinalis. Our results suggest the occurrence of a species-specific carbonic anhydrase system.

scholarly journals Fine-scale movement and habitat use of whitespotted eagle rays Aetobatus narinari in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
BC DeGroot ◽  
G Roskar ◽  
L Brewster ◽  
MJ Ajemian
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Brownian Bridge ◽  
Indian River Lagoon ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Boat Traffic ◽  
Indian River ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats ◽  
Potential Interactions

Despite being crucial to the conservation of batoids (skates and rays), assessments of fine-scale movements and habitat use of these taxa are lacking in the scientific literature. Here we used active acoustic telemetry to characterize habitat use and movement behavior of the state-protected whitespotted eagle ray Aetobatus narinari in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA. Seven mature individuals (6 males and 1 female) were individually tracked for a total of 119.6 h. Brownian bridge movement models of ray distribution showed the importance of habitats with high anthropogenic activity (i.e. boat traffic) such as inlets and channels, as well as clam aquaculture lease sites close to shore. This was supported by the significantly lower rates of movement in these habitats relative to other regions (offshore, open lagoon). Rate of movement significantly increased with temperature, suggesting that rays are more active during warmer periods. No tidal patterns in ray habitat use or distribution were evident. On average, rays used the deeper portions of the lagoon during the day and shallower portions during the night. While more extensive tracking is required to elucidate long-term movement patterns, this study is the first to characterize fine-scale habitat use by the whitespotted eagle ray in Florida while also identifying areas of potential interactions between this species and multiple anthropogenic threats.

scholarly journals Spatial behavior and habitat use in widely separated breeding and wintering distributions across three species of long‐distance migrant Phylloscopus warblers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Lerche‐Jørgensen ◽  
John W. Mallord ◽  
Mikkel Willemoes ◽  
Christopher J. Orsman ◽  
Japheth T. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
Long Distance

scholarly journals Do the Golden-winged Warbler and Blue-winged Warbler Exhibit Species-specific Differences in their Breeding Habitat Use?

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Patton ◽  
David S. Maehr ◽  
Joseph E. Duchamp ◽  
Songlin Fei ◽  
Jonathan W. Gassett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Movement, Behavior, and Habitat Use of a Marine Apex Predator, the Scalloped Hammerhead

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. David Wells ◽  
Thomas C. TinHan ◽  
Michael A. Dance ◽  
J. Marcus Drymon ◽  
Brett Falterman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Apex Predator ◽  
Scalloped Hammerhead

scholarly journals Determinants and patterns of habitat use by the brown bear Ursus arctos in the French Pyrenees revealed by occupancy modelling

Oryx ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaise Piédallu ◽  
Pierre-Yves Quenette ◽  
Nicolas Bombillon ◽  
Adrienne Gastineau ◽  
Christian Miquel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Occupancy Models ◽  
Occupancy Modelling ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Endangered Status ◽  
Human Density

AbstractThe Pyrenean brown bear Ursus arctos population in the mountains between France and Spain is one of the smallest and most threatened populations of large carnivores in Europe. We assessed trends in brown bear habitat use in the Pyrenees and investigated the underlying environmental and anthropogenic drivers. Using detection/non-detection data collected during 2008–2014 through non-invasive methods, we developed dynamic occupancy models, accounting for local colonization and extinction processes. We found two non-connected core areas of occupancy, one in the west and the other in the centre of the Pyrenees, with a significant decrease in habitat use overall during 2008–2014. We also found a negative correlation between human density and bear occupancy, in agreement with previous studies on brown bear habitat suitability. Our results confirm the Critically Endangered status of the Pyrenean population of brown bears.

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