scholarly journals Using Principles from Applied Behaviour Analysis to Address an Undesired Behaviour: Functional Analysis and Treatment of Jumping Up in Companion Dogs

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Pfaller-Sadovsky ◽  
Gareth Arnott ◽  
Camilo Hurtado-Parrado
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Noncontingent Reinforcement ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Behaviour Analysis ◽  
Companion Dogs ◽  
Dog Training ◽  
Applied Behaviour Analysis ◽  
Functional Analyses

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of procedures successfully used in human related applied behaviour analysis practices to the field of clinical animal behaviour. Experiment 1 involved functional analyses to identify the reinforcement contingencies maintaining jumping up behaviour in five dogs. Experiment 2 comprised teaching dog owners a noncontingent reinforcement intervention (i.e., time-based reinforcement) via behavioural skills training. Single-case experimental methods were implemented in both experiments. The results of Experiment 1 showed that access to a tangible (dogs D01, D02, D03, and D04) and owner attention (dog D05) were reliably maintaining the jumping up behaviour. Experiment 2 demonstrated that noncontingent reinforcement effectively reduced jumping in three out of four dogs (Tau −0.59, CI 90% [−1–0.15], p = 0.026, Tau −1, CI 90% [−1–−0.55], p = 0.0003, and Tau −0.32, CI 90% [−0.76–0.11], p = 0.22 for dyads D01, D02, and D05, respectively), and that behavioural skills training was successful in teaching owners to perform a dog training intervention with high fidelity. Although the results are promising, more canine-related research into functional analysis and noncontingent reinforcement, as well as implementation of behavioural skills training with animal caregivers, is needed.

scholarly journals Identification of fidelity-governing factors in human recombinases DMC1 and RAD51 from cryo-EM structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Chi Luo ◽  
Hsin-Yi Yeh ◽  
Wei-Hsuan Lan ◽  
Yi-Min Wu ◽  
Cheng-Han Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Md Simulation ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Dna Dynamics ◽  
Genomic Integrity ◽  
Mismatched Dna ◽  
Dna Backbone ◽  
Loop 2

AbstractBoth high-fidelity and mismatch-tolerant recombination, catalyzed by RAD51 and DMC1 recombinases, respectively, are indispensable for genomic integrity. Here, we use cryo-EM, MD simulation and functional analysis to elucidate the structural basis for the mismatch tolerance of DMC1. Structural analysis of DMC1 presynaptic and postsynaptic complexes suggested that the lineage-specific Loop 1 Gln244 (Met243 in RAD51) may help stabilize DNA backbone, whereas Loop 2 Pro274 and Gly275 (Val273/Asp274 in RAD51) may provide an open “triplet gate” for mismatch tolerance. In support, DMC1-Q244M displayed marked increase in DNA dynamics, leading to unobservable DNA map. MD simulation showed highly dispersive mismatched DNA ensemble in RAD51 but well-converged DNA in DMC1 and RAD51-V273P/D274G. Replacing Loop 1 or Loop 2 residues in DMC1 with RAD51 counterparts enhanced DMC1 fidelity, while reciprocal mutations in RAD51 attenuated its fidelity. Our results show that three Loop 1/Loop 2 residues jointly enact contrasting fidelities of DNA recombinases.

Psychological Skills Training of an Elite Wheelchair Water-Skiing Athlete: A Single-Case Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie de Bressy de Guast ◽  
Jim Golby ◽  
Anna Van Wersch ◽  
Fabienne d’Arripe-Longueville
Keyword(s):  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Psychological Skills Training ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods ◽  
Wheelchair Athlete

This study presents a complete psychological skills training (PST) program with a wheelchair athlete and examines the program effectiveness using a mixed-method approach. After initial testing, the athlete followed a two-month program of self-confidence building, motivational, visualization/relaxation, and injury management techniques. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to examine the impacts on performance and psychological abilities. The triangulated results suggest that the PST program was perceived as effective by the athlete in terms of his sporting performances and mental skills. The characteristics and implications of a PST program with this wheelchair athlete are discussed, as well as the study limitations and the perspectives for future research.

Examining the Relationship Between Heart Rate and Problem Behavior: A Case Study of Severe Skin Picking in Prader-Willi Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 460-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott S. Hall ◽  
Jennifer L. Hammond ◽  
Kristin M. Hustyi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Automatic Reinforcement ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Skin Picking ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Few studies have examined the relationship between heart rate and self-injurious behavior (SIB) shown by individuals with IDD (intellectual and developmental disabilities). In this single-case study, we simultaneously monitored heart rate and activity levels during a functional analysis of severe skin picking behavior exhibited by a young man with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Results of the functional analysis indicated that the participant's skin picking was maintained by automatic reinforcement. A within-session analysis of the data indicated that skin picking bouts resulted in an increase in heart rate, suggesting a positive- automatic reinforcement function. These data indicate that inclusion of heart rate and activity-level monitoring during a functional analysis may provide important additional information concerning the determinants of SIB.

ABA: l’analisi comportamentale applicata

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 527-528
Author(s):  
Sara Carucci
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Behaviour Analysis ◽  
Applied Behaviour Analysis

The paper reports the most characterising aspects and clinical applications of the applied behaviour analysis (ABA) through the description of and the comment on two cases. The aim is to share this important therapeutic approach with infantile neuropsychiatrists and psychologists for a correct indication and its prompt application.

scholarly journals Supervision for Certification in the Field of Applied Behaviour Analysis: Characteristics and Relationship with Job Satisfaction, Burnout, Work Demands, and Support

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Dounavi ◽  
Brian Fennell ◽  
Erin Early
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Work Demands ◽  
Behaviour Analysis ◽  
Collegial Support ◽  
High Satisfaction ◽  
Applied Behaviour Analysis ◽  
Supervisory Practices ◽  
Supervisory Experience ◽  
Supervisory Practice

Background: Supervision of behavior analysts seeking certification and supervision of service delivery are key processes in the provision of quality behaviour analytic services to individuals with developmental disabilities. Our study is the first to examine international supervisory practices within the field of applied behaviour analysis. Method: An online survey was distributed to 92 professionals internationally, assessing supervisory practice, supervisor support, work demands, job satisfaction, and burnout. Results: Findings indicate high satisfaction with the supervisor and supervisory experience. Excessive work demands positively correlate with high burnout and low job satisfaction. Half of all professionals only worked with one or two clients before certification. Supervisor and collegial support seem to decrease the likelihood of suffering burnout and increase job satisfaction, although relationships were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Supervisor and collegial support warrant further research as protective factors. Implications for an evidence-based supervisory practice that produces ethical and competent supervisees are discussed.

Coercion in Educational Settings

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Sidman
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Original Problem ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Educational Settings ◽  
Behaviour Modification ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Behaviour Analysis ◽  
Applied Behaviour Analysis ◽  
Behavioural Research ◽  
Question Under Discussion

AbstractCoercion is defined as the control of behaviour through (a) punishment or the threat of punishment, or (b) negative reinforcement — the removal of punishment. The question under discussion is whether coercion is an effective and a desirable basis for applied behaviour analysis, particularly in educational settings. Because coercive control has always been characteristic of society in general, the problem requires consideration of all facets of our culture. Behaviour analysts who use or recommend coercive techniques of therapy, behaviour modification, teaching, parenting, and so on, must be viewed in that context. In many areas of society, the practice of coercion has been refined and perfected to an extent that applied behaviour analysis has never approached. Applied behavioural research therefore contributes nothing new when it applies coercive methodology. Also, coercion produces side effects that may be even less desirable than the original problem behaviour. The occasional need to use coercion to deal with emergencies does not justify the advocacy of coercion as a principle of therapy. What basic and applied behaviour analysts can offer that is new and constructive are positive reinforcement techniques for teaching new behaviour and stimulus-control techniques for establishing cognitive repertoires.

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