applied behaviour analysis
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2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany Garcia Freitas

In this research project I use a narrative methodology to explore the experiences of four autistic adults who have undergone applied behaviour analysis. By drawing upon the work of the neurodiversity movement and implementing a critical disability theoretical framework, I have sought to present the experiences and perspectives of participants as well as provide an analysis of the role of ableism in the systems in which they participated. Through positioning the lived experiences of this study’s participants as a credible and trustworthy source of knowledge, I have called into question the ethicality of applied behaviour analysis techniques and implementation by problematizing the way in which it positions autistic traits as deviant and limits the self-determination and autonomy of its subjects. I have subsequently provided recommendations and points for reflection to the field that may serve to decrease the harms described by the participants of this study.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany Garcia Freitas

In this research project I use a narrative methodology to explore the experiences of four autistic adults who have undergone applied behaviour analysis. By drawing upon the work of the neurodiversity movement and implementing a critical disability theoretical framework, I have sought to present the experiences and perspectives of participants as well as provide an analysis of the role of ableism in the systems in which they participated. Through positioning the lived experiences of this study’s participants as a credible and trustworthy source of knowledge, I have called into question the ethicality of applied behaviour analysis techniques and implementation by problematizing the way in which it positions autistic traits as deviant and limits the self-determination and autonomy of its subjects. I have subsequently provided recommendations and points for reflection to the field that may serve to decrease the harms described by the participants of this study.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Cowan

Policy/Program Memorandum Number 140 outlines the requirements for Ontario school boards to incorporate principles of Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) into school programs for students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). With increasing numbers of children being diagnosed with ASD, it is important to assess the facilitators and barriers in implementing this policy, and work towards effective academic and social inclusion. Through individual interviews and follow-up questionnaires, four behaviour therapists provided their perceptions and experiences of ABA in the classroom. A thematic analysis yielded five main themes: reinforcement in the classroom, consistency, ABA and behaviours in the classroom, collaboration, and attributions. These themes are interpreted using a social model of disability and a children’s rights lens to answer the research question: what are the facilitators and barriers to the effective implementation of ABA in schools? Limitations, recommendations for future research, and practical recommendations are discussed. Key words: Applied behaviour analysis, PPM 140, autism spectrum disorder, inclusion, social model of disability


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Cowan

Policy/Program Memorandum Number 140 outlines the requirements for Ontario school boards to incorporate principles of Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) into school programs for students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). With increasing numbers of children being diagnosed with ASD, it is important to assess the facilitators and barriers in implementing this policy, and work towards effective academic and social inclusion. Through individual interviews and follow-up questionnaires, four behaviour therapists provided their perceptions and experiences of ABA in the classroom. A thematic analysis yielded five main themes: reinforcement in the classroom, consistency, ABA and behaviours in the classroom, collaboration, and attributions. These themes are interpreted using a social model of disability and a children’s rights lens to answer the research question: what are the facilitators and barriers to the effective implementation of ABA in schools? Limitations, recommendations for future research, and practical recommendations are discussed. Key words: Applied behaviour analysis, PPM 140, autism spectrum disorder, inclusion, social model of disability


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Agung Joko Sugiarto ◽  
Iva Milia Hani Rahmawati

Gangguan interaksi sosial membuat anak autis terasingkan dengan lingkungannya. Pemberian metode Applied Behaviouir Analysis (ABA) dapat membantu mereka mempelajari keterampilan sosial dasar seperti memperhatikan, mempertahankan kontak mata, dan dapat membantu mengontrol masalah perilaku. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisa pengaruh Metode  Applied Behaviouir Analysis (ABA) terhadap kemampuan interaksi sosial anak autis. Desain penelitian menggunakan pra eksperimental one group pretest-posttest design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini semua anak autis yang ada di SLB Autis Seribu Warna Kepanjen, dengan sampel berjumlah 33 anak. Teknik  sampling menggunakan simple random sampling. Variable independen metode Applied Behaviouir Analysis (ABA) dan dependen kemampuan interaksi sosial. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar observasi. Pengolahan data editing, coding, scoring dan tabulating dan analisa menggunakan uji Wilcoxon sign rank test. Hasil Penelitian sebelum diberikan metode ABA menunjukkan sebagian besar responden  memiliki kriteria kurang (66,7%) dengan jumlah 22, setelah diberikan metode ABA menunjukkan hampir seluruh responden dengan kategori cukup (81,8) dengan jumlah 27 responden. Hasil uji statistik dengan metode uji wilcoxon didapatkan hasil nilai p sebesar 0,000 < α=0,05 sehingga H1 diterima. Kemampuan interaksi sosial setelah dilakukan metode ABA menunjukkan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini ada pengaruh metode Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) terhadap Kemampuan interaksi sosial anak autis di SLB Autis Seribu Warna Kepanjen Kabupaten Jombang. Metode Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) dapat dijadikan sebagai suatu stimulasi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan interaksi sosial anak autis yang dapat dijadikan sebagai pendidikan pendamping yang dapat diterapkan di sekolah.


Autism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 136236132098568
Author(s):  
Mark Rodgers ◽  
Mark Simmonds ◽  
David Marshall ◽  
Robert Hodgson ◽  
Lesley A Stewart ◽  
...  

This individual participant data meta-analysis is the most intensive possible evaluation of the effectiveness of early intensive applied behaviour analysis–based interventions for pre-school autistic children compared with treatment as usual/eclectic interventions. Data from 491 participants (originally collected in 10 studies) were included. Children receiving early intensive applied behaviour analysis–based interventions improved more on the Vineland adaptive behaviour scale (MD = 7.00; 95% confidence interval = 1.95–12.06) and cognitive ability (intelligence quotient) (MD = 14.13; 95% confidence interval = 9.16–19.10) relative to comparators at 2 years; though effects varied considerably across studies. Evidence for other outcomes was inconclusive due to insufficient evidence and there were few data on longer-term effects. All studies were at risk of bias across several domains, often due to the lack of randomisation or blinding of outcome assessors. Given the emerging evidence of modest, albeit short term, effects of a range of pre-school autism interventions and the limitations of the quality of evaluation studies to date, future research should investigate which supports and interventions are most effective for children and families prioritising outcomes measures that are meaningful for the autism community and longer-term follow-up. Further systematic reviews of the existing evidence are unlikely to add to the findings presented here. Lay abstract Early intensive applied behaviour analysis–based interventions are designed to support young autistic children’s learning and development. Unfortunately, the available evidence about the effectiveness of these interventions remains unclear. Several reviews have focused on the published findings rather than contacting the authors to collect and analyse data about the individual participants in the original studies. Also, most of the studies were carried out by groups involved in delivering the interventions leading to the potential bias in interpreting the results. Our research team (supported by an international advisory group) carried out an independent individual patient data review by collecting the original participant data from the authors of the studies, to examine the effectiveness of these interventions. The results suggested that early intensive applied behaviour analysis–based interventions might lead to some changes in children’s cognitive ability (intelligence quotient) and everyday life skills after 2 years, compared with standard treatments. However, all the studies had problems with the way they were designed. Also, few of the studies looked at outcomes that have been described as most important to autistic people or followed children beyond 2 years. We think that further systematic reviews of the existing evidence are unlikely to add to the findings of our review. Furthermore, we recommend that future research should investigate which types of supports and interventions are most effective for children and families, prioritising outcomes measures that are meaningful for the autism community and include, wherever possible, longer-term follow-up.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Venkatesan

ABSTRACT Socratic questioning involves asking questions to deconstruct static concepts and reconstruct fresh ones. The W-Question format (what-where-which-whom-when-how and why sequence) of asking queries is used for each statement made by respondents. This study investigates the effects of Socratic questioning in enabling self-analysis and critical thinking for understanding problem behaviours in their children by parents or caregivers. Both quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods of case-vignettes are used to demonstrate through clinical interviews, and the application of Socratic questioning to analyse commonly reported themes on problem behaviours in children. A thematic analysis of the interview transcripts was carried out on six categories, that is, questions on clarification, or probing assumptions, reasons and evidence, viewpoints and perspectives, and questions about questions. The results show how the questioning helps participants to know themselves, facilitate self-discovery, and self-healing. Although not as a stand-alone technique, Socratic questioning is a useful adjunct to clinical or applied behaviour analysis in the identification and behaviour management of children.


Societies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Erin Leif ◽  
Hannah Jennings ◽  
Brett Furlonger ◽  
Russell Fox

In Australia, the prevalence of autism has increased over the past decade. This has resulted in increased demand for safe and effective interventions and supports. Many evidence-based interventions for individuals with autism have been derived from the scientific discipline of Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA). However, the professional practice of ABA is not yet formally regulated in Australia, and there are no national practice standards or qualification requirements for practitioners providing ABA-based interventions. In addition, very little is known about the qualifications and experiences of those in Australia who currently design and implement ABA intervention programs, information that would assist in developing practice standards and regulations for the profession. These regulatory and knowledge gaps have the potential to impact the safety of both consumers and practitioners. The aim of the current study, therefore, was to survey those who categorised themselves as ABA practitioners and, based on the analysis of the data, answer relevant questions about the status of the profession and provide recommendations for the development of ABA as a profession in Australia.


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