Wideband-Narrowband Switchable Tapered Slot Antenna for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

In this paper, a wideband-narrowband switchable tapered slot antenna (TSA) with a compact meander line resonator for an integrated microwave imaging and hyperthermia system was proposed. A compact meander line resonator, which exhibited band-pass characteristics and provided narrowband characteristics by using one PIN diode, was fabricated beneath the tapered slot of the wideband TSA to minimize the degradation of the wideband characteristics. Moreover, the electromagnetic energy was transferred to the meander line resonator with a coupling effect to ensure effective frequency switching. By adapting a PIN diode on the meander line resonator, frequency switching could be achieved. In this way, the proposed antenna could operate in a real-time frequency switching mode between the ultra-wideband (UWB; 3.1~10 GHz), which is used for microwave imaging, and the 2.45 GHz band (industrial, scientific, and medical, ISM band), which is used for microwave hyperthermia. Frequency and time-domain results proved the applicability of the proposed antenna to an integrated breast cancer detection and treatment system.

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EARLY DETECTION OF BREAST CANCER USING ULTRA WIDE BAND SLOT ANTENNA

SINERGI ◽

10.22441/sinergi.2019.2.004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

Yusnita Rahayu ◽

Immanuel Waruwu

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Early Detection ◽

Current Density ◽

Tumor Size ◽

Microstrip Antenna ◽

The United States ◽

Microwave Imaging ◽

Ultra Wideband ◽

Slot Antenna ◽

Safe Alternative

Breast cancer is the transformation of normal cells in the breast area into a malignant tumor, which is the second largest disease as a cause of death for women. Early detection is one way to avoid significant risks in breast cancer. X-ray mammography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are used to detect breast cancer. However, those techniques have several limitations. Ultra-wideband (UWB) microwave imaging, approved by The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States, has promising capabilities in detecting breast cancer. Microwave imaging uses a microstrip antenna that has the advantage of convenience, potentially low cost, and is a non-ionized and safe alternative. In this paper, the ultra-wideband microstrip antenna for breast cancer detection is proposed. The antenna was designed by adding some rectangular slots on a rectangular patch to meet the UWB specifications. The antenna works well at 8.41 GHz to 10.29 GHz with directivity of 6.451 dBi and SAR value of 1.6 W / kg. The antenna was simulated with breast phantom. The tumor sizes of 6 mm and 10 mm are added to evaluate the E/H fields and current density with and without tumor. The highest E-Field value of 928.8 V / m was obtained at 10 GHz with a 10 mm tumor size. The highest H-Field value of 4.06 V / m was achieved at 10 GHz with a 6 mm tumor size. From the simulation, the E/H-field and current density are higher if there is a tumor in the breast compared to the breast without the tumor.

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