Series Solution-Based Approach for the Interlaminar Stress Analysis of Smart Composites under Thermo-Electro-Mechanical Loading

This paper introduces a new loading condition considering the combined thermo-electro-mechanical coupling effect in a series solution-based approach to analyze the free-edge interlaminar stresses in smart composite laminates. The governing equations are developed using the principle of complementary virtual work. The assumed stress fields satisfy the traction-free and free-edge boundary conditions. The accurate stress states of the composite structures are acquired through the procedure of generalized eigenvalue problems. The uniform temperature is employed throughout the laminate, and the electric field loading is applied to the symmetric piezo-bonded actuators to examine the combined effect of thermal and electrical stresses on the overall deformation of smart composite laminates. It was observed that the magnitude of the peeling stresses generated by mechanical loading was reduced by the combined thermal and electric excitation loading (up to 25.3%), which in turn resulted in expanding the service life of the smart composite structures. The proposed approach is implemented on three different layup configurations. The efficiency of the current methodology is confirmed by comparing the results with the 3D finite element (FEM) solution computed by ABAQUS.

A Study on the Electromagnetic–Thermal Coupling Effect of Cross-Slot Frequency Selective Surface

In high-power microwave applications, the electromagnetic-thermal effect of frequency selective surface (FSS) cannot be ignored. In this paper, the electromagnetic-thermal coupling effects of cross-slot FSS were studied. We used an equivalent circuit method and CST software to analyze the electromagnetic characteristics of cross-slot FSS. Then, we used multi-field simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics to study the thermal effect of the FSSs. To verify the simulation results, we used a horn antenna with a power of 20 W to radiate the FSSs and obtain the stable temperature distribution of the FSSs. By using simulations and experiments, it is found that the maximum temperature of the cross-slot FSS appears in the middle of the cross slot. It is also found that the FSS with a narrow slot has severer thermal effect than that with a wide slot. In addition, the effects of different incident angles on the temperature variation of FSS under TE and TM polarization were also studied. It is found that in TE polarization, with the increase in incident angle, the maximum stable temperature of FSS increases gradually. In TM polarization, with the increase in incident angle, the maximum stable temperature of FSS decreases gradually.

Analysis of the Coupling Effect of Thermal and Traffic Loads on Cement Concrete Pavement with Voids Repaired with Polymer Grout

Under the repeated action of traffic and thermal loads, a cement concrete pavement slab may partially lose contact with its base course, and voids may develop underneath the slab. Such distress will greatly impact the pavement performance. To fill the voids and restore the base support to the slab, the technology of polymer grouting has been increasingly adopted in recent years due to its advantages of quick application and high efficiency. There is, however, a lack of research on the mechanistic responses and performance of such a repaired rigid pavement under coupled influences of thermal and traffic loads. Existing literature has mainly focused on normal cement concrete pavement structures (i.e., without polymer grouted voids). This study intends to fill the research gap by investigating the time-domain characteristics of thermal stress response of a cement concrete pavement with underlying voids filled with polymer grout, along with design traffic loads. The finite element method was adopted with a 3-dimensional nonlinear temperature field within the pavement. A program module was developed in the Abaqus FEA software environment for temperature effect analysis. It was found that under the coupling action of thermal and traffic loads, thermal stress had a greater influence on the critical slab stress at the slab corner than those at other slab locations. Through the comparative analysis before and after polymer grouting repair, the critical tensile stress at the slab corner under the vehicle and thermal loads can be effectively reduced. The polymer performance is stable after three years.

Evaluation of thermal couple impedance model of power modules for accurate die temperature estimation up to 200 ◦C

This paper presents an experimental evaluation of the thermal couple impedance model of power modules (PMs), in which Silicon Carbide (SiC) Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect-Transistor (MOSFET) dies are implemented. The model considers the thermal cross-coupling effect, representing the temperature rise of a die due to power dissipations by the other dies in the same PM. We propose a characterization method to obtain the thermal couple impedance of the SiC MOSFET-based PMs for model accuracy. Simulation based on the proposed model accurately estimates the measured die temperature of three PMs with different die placements. The maximum error between measured and simulated die temperatures is within 8.1 ◦C in a wide and practical operation range from 70 ◦C to 200 ◦C. The thermal couple impedance model is helpful to design die placements of high power PMs considering the thermal cross-coupling effect.

Characteristics of two complex rock and glacier avalanches and RAMMS simulation of a long-runout disaster in the Sedongpu Basin of the Yarlung Zangbo River downstream in October 2018, Tibet, China

On October 17 and 29, 2018, two rock and glacier avalanches occurred on the western slope of the Sedongpu Basin upstream of the Yarlung Zangbo River in the Tibetan Plateau, forming the disaster chains and causing damage to many bridges and roads. Based on the comparative analysis of multiple pre-and post-remote sensing images, the initial sliding body, which was composed of rock and glacial material, was located on a steep slope above an elevation of 6000 m. Under the coupling effect of multiple factors such as gravity, rainfall, and weather changes, the initial sliding body detached from the source zone and then transformed into a debris flow after impact and fragmentation. The debris flow traveled downstream and scraped loose glacial till in its path, causing the volume of the sliding body to increase. In addition, the debris flow traveled 10 km under low frictional resistance, as a result of the lubrication via early rainfall and glacial meltwater. Eventually, the debris flow rushed out onto the valley floor, forming a landslide dam and blocking the Yarlung Zangbo River. The deposit volumes on October 17 and 29 were 20.4 million m3 and 10.1 million m3, respectively, with a total mean thickness of ~22m. This study provides an insight into the dynamic process as they unfolded, through multitemporal satellite imagery and numerical simulation. Furthermore, we also discuss the potential cause of rock/ice avalanche and disaster scenarios, as well as the tendency of the rock and glacier avalanches are discussed.

Electromechanical Coupling Characteristics Analysis and Research of Rotation-Parallel Flexible Robot Manipulator

RP(Rotation-Parallel) flexible robot as a typical electromechanical system. The complex electromechanical coupling effect in the system has a significant impact on the dynamic characteristics and stability of the flexible manipulator. This article investigates the electromechanical coupling dynamics and vibration response characteristics of flexible robot manipulator driven by AC(Alternating Current) servo motor with considering the start-up dynamic characteristics of the motor. Firstly, the physical model including the coupling of electromagnetic and mechanical system is established, and the dynamic model of the whole system is derived based on the global electromechanical coupling effect and Lagrange-Maxwell equations. Secondly, the virtual simulation platform is constructed with the help of MATLAB/Simulink, and the output speed characteristics of the motor drive end and the motion of the moving base are analyzed. Finally, through the joint simulation of MATLAB/Simulink dynamic simulation model and ADAMS/Controls virtual prototype model, the vibration characteristics of flexible manipulator under electromechanical coupling are obtained. The result demonstrates that the electromechanical coupling effect at the motor driving end has an obvious influence on the dynamic characteristics of the flexible manipulator, which is manifested in the increase of the vibration displacement amplitude of the flexible manipulator. With the increase of motor speed, the change of elastic vibration of flexible manipulator becomes larger, which shows that the electromechanical coupling effect of motor driving end has a greater impact on the dynamic characteristics of flexible manipulator at high speed. The analysis results are of great significance to improve the dynamic performance of motor-driven flexible robot manipulator.

Coupling Effect of Nonlinear Stiffness of Tape Spring Hinges and Flexible Deformation of Panels during Orbit Maneuvers

Many solar panels for spacecrafts are deployed by Tape Spring Hinges (TSHs) which have changeable stiffness. The stiffness of TSH is small when panels are folded, and it becomes large quickly in its deployed status. Since the solar panel is a thin sheet, flexible deformation is easily generated by orbit maneuvers. The coupling effect between the nonlinear TSHs and the flexible panels generates obvious vibration which affects the operational stability of the satellite. To investigate this coupling effect, non-deformable, linear deformable and nonlinear deformable panels were modelled by rigid body, modal order reduction method (MORM) and finite element method (FEM), respectively. The driving torque of TSH was described as a function of the rotation angle and angular velocity. The nonlinear properties of the TSH were reflected by one angle-stiffness spline multiplied by one stiffness coefficient. Dynamic responses of a satellite in deployment and orbit steering were analyzed by numerical simulations. Analysis results indicate the local deformation of panels keeps the stiffness of the TSH within a large range which accelerates the orbit maneuvers. However, much vibration is generated by the coupling effect if the luck-up status is broken up. The coupling effect affects the sequence of deployment, overshoot phenomenon and acceleration magnitude of the panels. Although the MORM is more efficient than FEM in computation, we propose FEM is better suited in the design of TSH and in studying the precise control of spacecraft with flexible solar panels and TSHs.