scholarly journals Moisture Measurement in Paper and Cardboard Packaging Waste Bales for Recycling

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4586
Author(s):  
Ana Silveira ◽  
João Cardoso ◽  
Maria José Correia ◽  
Graça Martinho
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Quality Issue ◽  
Commercial Device ◽  
Non Destructive

Moisture content is a quality issue raised by recycling plants in the acceptance of paper and cardboard coming from waste streams. The current way to measure this parameter is by the oven drying method, which is a slow and invasive process, costing time and resources for the recyclers to do this type of quality control. An alternative to such a measurement technique is the use of plate-form devices which indirectly measure the moisture content using the dielectric properties of water and paper. This study has tested this method and developed a representative equation for the use of devices with these properties in the Portuguese market. For that, 48 wastepaper and cardboard bales were tested with both the traditional (oven drying) method and a commercial device equipped with dielectric technology. An equation that fits the studied reality (R2 = 0.76) was achieved, and possible problems regarding the use of this device were tested. The results showed that this type of device could be used as a time- and cost-saving, non-destructive and reliable method in the quality control of wastepaper and cardboard bales.

Research on Measurement of Grass’s Moisture Content with Microwave Oven Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 707 ◽  
pp. 417-421
Author(s):  
Yan Feng ◽  
Qing Qing Shen ◽  
Li Li Chen ◽  
Shu Ling Luo ◽  
Guang Biao Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Oven Method ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Viable Method

In the process of working, storage, finished fodder acceptance and the preservation process of grass materials, the moisture content of forage is a very important indicator. The blast oven drying method has been generally adopted in the measurement of moisture content. The related experiment showed that the microwave oven method for grass moisture content measuring improved 200-400 times in the efficiency compared with blast oven drying method. The microwave oven method was accurate and easy operating. So, we can conclude that microwave oven method is a viable method for measuring the moisture content.

scholarly journals Proximate Analysis of Goat Milk Yogurt Powder Produced by Freeze Drying and Vacuum-Oven Drying and in Comparing with Freeze-Dried Yogurt Powder Prepared with Tualang Honey

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1S) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Siti Norhannani Ahmat Azemi ◽  
Norshafiqah Zainul ◽  
Asmaliza Abd. Ghani ◽  
John Tang Yew Huat
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Vacuum Oven ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Tualang Honey

This study was carried out to produce powdered yogurt from goat milk with longer shelf life.Two methods of drying process of yogurt were used which are vacuum-oven drying (VD) and freezedrying (FD). Goat milk yogurt powder prepared with added Tualang honey (TH) was produced by freeze-drying method. In this study, four formulations of yogurt were prepared with the addition of commercial yogurt containingas starter culture.Granulated sugar was added about 8% into the yogurt as control sample. While other three yogurts were prepared with 8% of Tualang honey, 6% of Tualang honey with 2% of sugar and 4% of Tualang honey with 4% of sugar. The proximateanalysis was used in order to identify the proximate composition and pH value of the yogurt. The moisture content of goat milk yogurt, VD goat yogurt powder and FD goat yogurt powder were 79.20%, 8.22% and 9.66% respectively. While, the moisture content for FD goat yogurt powder with addition of 4%, 6% and 8% Tualang honey were 15.12%,15.92% and 13.53% respectively.While the value of ash content for FD goat milk yogurt powder with addition of 4%, 6% and 8% Tualang honey were 0.37%, 0.35% and 0.50% respectively. The total protein content for goat milk yogurt was 4.61% whilein VD goat yogurt powder and FD goat yogurt powder were 15.04% and 15.07% respectively. The value of protein content for FD goat milk yogurt powder with addition of 8% of Tualang honey was 15.38%. The pH value ofgoat milk sample and fresh yogurt goat milk were 6.52 and 3.82. The pH values for fresh yogurt with addition of 4%, 6% and 8% of Tualang honey were 4.64, 4.68 and 4.73.Vacuum-oven drying method and freeze-drying method did not show any significant different in moisture, ash and protein content but showed significant different in pH value.

scholarly journals Effect of Moisture Content on Calculated Dielectric Properties of Asphalt Concrete Pavements from Ground-Penetrating Radar Measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Qingqing Cao ◽  
Imad L. Al-Qadi
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Moisture Variation ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Non Destructive

Moisture presence in asphalt concrete (AC) pavement is a major cause of damage to the pavement. In recent decades, an increasing need exists for non-destructive detection and monitoring of the moisture content in AC pavement. This paper provides a simulated approach to quantify the effect of internal moisture content on AC pavement dielectric properties using ground-penetrating radar (GPR). A heterogeneous numerical model was developed to simulate AC pavement with internal moisture at various saturation levels. The numerical model was validated using GPR surveys on cold-in-place recycling treated pavements. An empirical formula was derived from the simulation to correlate the dielectric constant with the moisture content for non-dry AC pavement. The results validated the proposed model and, hence, demonstrated the ability of GPR to monitor moisture variation in AC pavements.

scholarly journals PREDICTION FOR TOTAL MOISTURE CONTENT IN WOOD PELLETS BY NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (NIRS)

10.6036/9935 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-301
Author(s):  
MIGUEL ÁNGEL SÁNCHEZ GATÓN ◽  
MARIA ISABEL CAMPOS LABADIE ◽  
JOSE JUAN SEGOVIA PURAS
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Solid Biofuels ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Total Moisture Content

Mankind consumes as many fossil fuels per year as nature produced during a million years. Furthermore, energy consumption has tripled in the last 60 years, and is expected to be doubled in 2050, due to the technological and economic takeoff of large emerging powers. In light of this scenario, a change in energy policies should be aimed to promote energy efficiency and the use of sustainable energy resources, such as bioenergy, safely and environmental friendly. Biomass fuels take a main role in the EU's energy and climate policies, aimed at reducing CO2 emissions and combating Climate Change. Quality control of biofuels and knowledge of their characteristics reach a large relevance in any industrial application based on the energy use of biofuels. NIRS technology (near infrared spectroscopy, Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy) is based on the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and material, and now is presented as an encouraging technological tool for quality testing of solid biofuels, since it is a non-destructive and much faster and cheaper analytical technique than traditional ones, which are based on current ISO standards. That interaction appears as spectral vibrations (energy absorption or absorbance) that are properly processed, allowing to measure the most important physical-chemical properties of solid biofuels in a fast, simple and non-destructive way. Wood pellet is the highest quality solid biofuel in the current biomass market, which is regulated by ENplus® certification scheme in the European-wide, ensuring the quality of product to consumers. Low heating value is the most important parameter of solid biofuel, and is strongly linked to total moisture content, so the control of moisture is key factor during pelletizing process. The original research carried out in this work allows to present the development of a NIRS prediction model for total moisture in wood pellets, in the range of values of 5 – 10 %, providing a much faster and more automated methodology for product quality control, both in production plants of wood pellets and in power plants with wood pellets as fuel. Keywords: near infrared spectroscopy, wood pellets, quality control, moisture, prediction model

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