Methodology for Defining the Interaction between Product Characteristics and Specific Product Complexity—Evaluated on Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

This study is about a method for evaluating specific product complexity. In this context, an efficient and scalable method for the development of a specific complexity assessment of highly complex products is presented. Furthermore, existing evaluation methods are analysed according to effort and benefit, thus showing the research gap and the need for the method to be developed. The procedure for the development of an indicator for the specific evaluation of product complexity is presented in five steps and an exemplary complexity indicator for lithium ion battery cells is developed. This index is then applied, and the complexity of commercial battery cells from the application is evaluated. Based on these evaluations, final potentials of the method are shown and a recommendation for a reduction in product complexity is provided. The developed method for complexity assessment is scalable in its effort and offers implementation into existing complexity management. The method allows quick adaptation or extension and, thus, well-founded decision making. By standardizing the evaluation and taking objectively measurable complexity characteristic values as a basis, a holistic and objective evaluation tool is shown, which can thus become a decisive success factor for manufacturers of complex products.

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A New Objective Evaluation Tool for Grading Cataract Density Using PENTACAM®

Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde ◽

10.1055/s-2008-1057966 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 225 (S 1) ◽

Author(s):

S Hara ◽

MJ Sanchez ◽

D Vucic ◽

GU Auffarth

Keyword(s):

Objective Evaluation ◽

Evaluation Tool

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Objective Evaluation of Drivability in Passenger Cars with Dual-Clutch Transmission: A Case Study of Static Gearshift Condition

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2020/2061083 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Wei Zhou ◽

Xuexun Guo ◽

Xiaofei Pei ◽

Chengcai Zhang ◽

Jun Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fuzzy Ahp ◽

Subjective Evaluation ◽

Objective Evaluation ◽

Dual Clutch Transmission ◽

Evaluation Tool ◽

Passenger Cars ◽

Denoising Method ◽

Fuzzy Matrix ◽

Predictability Score

This paper is aimed at the problem that the subjective drivability evaluation by experienced test drivers is limited in time efficiency and is of high cost and poor repeatability. In this article, an intelligent drivability objective evaluation tool (I-DOET) for passenger cars with dual-clutch transmission (DCT) is developed and verified by real vehicle testing. First, the signal denoising method and its key parameters, which are suitable for drivability evaluation, are selected based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Besides, combined with the uncertainty characteristics of subjective judgment, a mathematical model of the objective drivability evaluation FARODE (fuzzy AHP-RS based on objective drivability evaluation) is proposed by using the fuzzy comprehensive assessment (FCA) method. The AHP and rough set (RS) method are used to calculate the subjective and objective weights of the drivability evaluation, respectively, and the proportion of subjective and objective weights is determined by the principle of minimum relative information entropy. The fuzzy matrix is built by membership function of the evaluation indexes. Finally, the static gearshift condition focused on by the subjective evaluation experts is taken as a case study. The predictability score is obtained by combining the drivability quantization lever vector, comprehensive weight, and fuzzy matrix. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method is applicable for objective drivability evaluation in passenger cars with DCT.

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PROPOSING A SPECIFICATION STRUCTURE FOR COMPLEX PRODUCTS IN MODEL-BASED SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (MBSE)

Proceedings of the Design Society ◽

10.1017/pds.2021.509 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 2481-2490

Author(s):

Joshua Fahl ◽

Tobias Hirschter ◽

Gabriel Wöhrle ◽

Albert Albers

Keyword(s):

Systems Engineering ◽

Student Development ◽

Success Factors ◽

Research Work ◽

Development Project ◽

Product Complexity ◽

Complex Product ◽

Complex Products ◽

Model Based Systems Engineering ◽

Product Specification

AbstractThis research work presents a methodological support for the specification of complex products. This is achieved by developing a specification structure in a MBSE environment. The new method draws on success factors of complex product specification, principles of MBSE and the explanatory model of PGE – Product Generation Engineering. For evaluation, the method is applied within a student development project. A high applicability and the realization of novel synergies for coping with continuously increasing product complexity is demonstrated.

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Characterization of the Compressive Load on a Lithium-Ion Battery for Electric Vehicle Application

Machines ◽

10.3390/machines9040071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Seyed Saeed Madani ◽

Erik Schaltz ◽

Søren Knudsen Kær

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽

Impedance Spectroscopy ◽

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Lithium Ion Battery ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Large Scale ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Applied Pressure ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Battery Cells

Lithium-ion batteries are being implemented in different large-scale applications, including aerospace and electric vehicles. For these utilizations, it is essential to improve battery cells with a great life cycle because a battery substitute is costly. For their implementation in real applications, lithium-ion battery cells undergo extension during the course of discharging and charging. To avoid disconnection among battery pack ingredients and deformity during cycling, compacting force is exerted to battery packs in electric vehicles. This research used a mechanical design feature that can address these issues. This investigation exhibits a comprehensive description of the experimental setup that can be used for battery testing under pressure to consider lithium-ion batteries’ safety, which could be employed in electrified transportation. Besides, this investigation strives to demonstrate how exterior force affects a lithium-ion battery cell’s performance and behavior corresponding to static exterior force by monitoring the applied pressure at the dissimilar state of charge. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used as the primary technique for this research. It was concluded that the profiles of the achieved spectrums from the experiments seem entirely dissimilar in comparison with the cases without external pressure. By employing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, it was noticed that the pure ohmic resistance, which is related to ion transport resistance of the separator, could substantially result in the corresponding resistance increase.

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Online State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-ion Battery Cells: A Multiple Model Adaptive Estimation Approach

2021 American Control Conference (ACC) ◽

10.23919/acc50511.2021.9482734 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jiayi Su ◽

Susan Schneider ◽

Edwin Yaz ◽

Fabien Josse

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Battery ◽

Adaptive Estimation ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

State Of Charge ◽

Multiple Model ◽

Multiple Model Adaptive Estimation ◽

State Of Charge Estimation ◽

Battery Cells

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SURGEON'S PHYSIOLOGICAL AND KINEMATIC PARAMETERS AND THE QUALITY OF SURGICAL PERFORMANCE AND WORKLOAD IN LAPAROSCOPIC TRAINING

British Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1093/bjs/znab160.042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 108 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

J A Sánchez-Margallo ◽

J Castillo Rabazo ◽

D Durán Rey ◽

I López-Agudelo ◽

M R González-Portillo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Objective Evaluation ◽

Laparoscopic Training ◽

Evaluation Tool ◽

Surgical Performance ◽

Hand Motion ◽

Task Load ◽

Tissue Manipulation ◽

Level Of Experience

Abstract INTRODUCTION This study presents the first steps and results towards the development of a system for predicting the quality of surgical performance and workload in laparoscopic training. MATERIAL AND METHODS Surgeons wore a smartwatch which recorded their heart rate and hand motion during each laparoscopic procedure. Data was then correlated with both the Surgery Task Load Index (SURG-TLX) subjective questionnaire and the Global Operational Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills (GOALS) objective evaluation tool. Statistical analysis was conducted in order to study the relationship between parameters and to compare the results according to the surgeons’ level of experience. RESULTS Nine laparoscopic surgeons participated in this study, five gynecologists and four digestive surgeons. Gynecological surgeons showed a positive correlation between their level of experience, heart rate, hand motion, and GOALS score, except for bimanual dexterity. The reduction in the variability of hand accelerations led to improved tissue handling. Digestive surgeons showed a negative correlation between their level of experience and the reported temporal demand and complexity of the procedure. Novice digestive surgeons reported increased workload during surgery, mainly in mental, physical, and temporal workload. In both surgical specialties, it was observed that reduction in surgical workload was associated with improved GOALS score. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary results showed that bimanual dexterity is independent of the experience of gynecological surgeons. During laparoscopic surgical procedures, reduced variability in hand accelerations leads to better tissue manipulation. In addition, in gynecological and upper gastrointestinal procedures, reduced surgical workload is associated with improved surgical performance.

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Self-Discharge Losses in Lithium Ion Battery Cells

1st International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC) ◽

10.2514/6.2003-5985 ◽

2003 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Albert Zimmerman

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Battery ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Battery Cells

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Integration of growing self-organizing map and continuous genetic algorithm for grading lithium-ion battery cells

Applied Soft Computing ◽

10.1016/j.asoc.2012.01.018 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 2012-2022 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

R.J. Kuo ◽

C.F. Wang ◽

Z.Y. Chen

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Lithium Ion Battery ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Self Organizing Map ◽

Continuous Genetic Algorithm ◽

Battery Cells ◽

Self Organizing

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An Active Equalizer for Serially Connected Lithium-Ion Battery Cells

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.732-733.809 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 732-733 ◽

pp. 809-812 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hong Rui Liu ◽

Chao Ying Xia

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Battery ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

State Of Charge ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Battery Cell ◽

Charging Current ◽

In Series ◽

Battery Cells

This paper proposes an equalizer for serially connected Lithium-ion battery cells. The battery cell with the lowest state of charge (SOC) is charged by the equalizer during the process of charging and discharging, and the balancing current is constant and controllable. Three unbalanced lithium-ion battery cells in series are selected as the experimental object by this paper. The discharging current under a certain UDDS and 20A charging current are used to complete respectively one time balancing experiment of discharging and charging to the three lithium-ion battery cells. The validity of the balancing strategy is confirmed in this paper according to the experimental results.

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