scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Cloud Behavior over Inland and Coastal Regions within Single Climate Characteristics

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1316
Author(s):  
Sanghee Lee ◽  
Sug-Whan Kim ◽  
Seung-On Hwang ◽  
Ji Nyeong Choi ◽  
Ki-Beom Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Vertical Structure ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Cloud Base ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Variation ◽  
Lower Height

Continuous and accurate ceilometer measurements can provide the sky-condition such as cloud base height (CBH), cloud vertical structure (CVS), and cloud cover at around the sites of meteorological stations. In this study, ceilometer measurement data over a period of 3 years (January 2017 to December 2019) were analyzed to compare the characteristics of CBH at inland and coastal stations sharing the same climate characteristics in Korea. The annual averaged frequency of cloud occurrence between 0 and 7750 m at the first CBH is similar in both inland (41.8 ± 10.2%) and coastal (40.3 ± 9.5%) areas. However, there are differences in monthly and seasonal trends. The maximum cloud occurrence appears in summer (winter) of 64.3% (60.1%) in inland (coastal) areas, while the minimum of 25.6% (21.9%) shows in transient seasons of spring and autumn. In winter, the cold surge of northwest wind tends to increase the cloud occurrence from the ocean at coastal rather than in the inland area. It is shown that monthly cloud occurrence in each station is closely related to its monthly precipitation variation. The CVS frequency calculated from the total number of CBH with 250 m vertical bins shows the maximum between 500 to 1500 m (0 to 1000 m) in inland (coastal) areas, indicating more frequent occurrence at a lower height in the coastal area. It is mainly caused by the seasonal variability of the low-level clouds in the coastal region, which occurs two to three times higher in spring and summer than in other seasons. The study implies that long-term measurements of ceilometer would provide a better understanding of the characteristics of cloud behaviors in inland and coastal areas.

scholarly journals Long-Term Change in Characteristics of Cloud Vertical Structures Over Sumatra from Radiosonde Observations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Lismalini Lismalini ◽  
Marzuki Marzuki ◽  
Mohammad Ali Shafii
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Vertical Structure ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Cloud Base ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Radiosonde Observation ◽  
The One ◽  
Layer Cloud

Study on the vertical structure of cloud in Indonesia in terms of climate change is still very limited. We investigated the long-term change in characteristics of cloud vertical structures over Sumatra from three radiosonde observation stations in this work. The cloud base height (CBH), cloud top height (CT), and the number of cloud layers were retrieved using relative humidity (RH) profiles from radiosonde observation. The height of the cloud base is determined by taking the height of the layer with relative humidity (RH) value > 84% with at least a 3% jump in the RH from the ground level. Sumatra’s most frequently observed cloud layer is a one-layer cloud with an average occurrence rate of > 60%, which is slightly larger than the one-layer cloud globally. The percentage of appearance values at the Padang station, Pangkal Pinang, and Medan are 63.58%, 69.50% and 66.05%. The appearance of low-level clouds also dominates in Sumatra compared to other cloud types. CT and CBH increase with the number of years including all seasons. This is in line with the increase in temperature in Indonesia reported by previous researchers. On the other hand, the clouds’ thickness, especially for the cloud with one layer, varies from one location to another. The thickness of clouds decreases at Padang station and does not change at Pangkal Pinang and Medan stations.

scholarly journals Cloud vertical structure over a tropical station obtained using long-term high resolution Radiosonde measurements

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelli Narendra Reddy ◽  
Madineni Venkat Ratnam ◽  
Ghouse Basha ◽  
Varaha Ravikiran
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Vertical Structure ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Cloud Base ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tropical Station ◽  
Layer Cloud

Abstract. Cloud vertical structure, including top and base altitudes, thickness of cloud layers, and the vertical distribution of multi-layer clouds affects the large-scale atmosphere circulation by altering gradients in the total diabatic heating/cooling and latent heat release. In this study, long-term (11 years) observations of high vertical resolution radiosondes are used to obtain the cloud vertical structure over a tropical station, Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E), India. The detected cloud layers are verified with independent observations using cloud particle sensor (CPS) sonde launched from the same station. High-level clouds account for 69.05 %, 58.49 %, 55.5 %, and 58.6 % of all clouds during pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter seasons, respectively. The average cloud base (cloud top) altitude for low-level, middle-level, high-level and deep convective clouds are 1.74 km (3.16 km), 3.59 km (5.55 km), 8.79 km (10.49 km), and 1.22 km (11.45 km), respectively. Single-layer, two-layer, and three-layer clouds account for 40.80 %, 30.71 %, and 19.68 % of all cloud configurations, respectively. Multi-layer clouds occurred more frequently during the monsoon with 34.58 %. Maximum cloud top altitude and the cloud thickness occurred during monsoon season for single-layer clouds and the uppermost layer of multiple layer cloud configurations. In multi-layer cloud configurations, diurnal variations in the thickness of upper layer clouds are larger than those of lower layer clouds. Heating/cooling in the troposphere and lower stratosphere due to these clouds layers is also investigated and found peak cooling (peak warming) below (above) the Cold Point Tropopause (CPT) altitude. The magnitude of cooling (warming) increases from single-layer to four or more-layer cloud occurrence. Further, the vertical structure of clouds is also studied with respect to the arrival date of Indian summer monsoon over Gadanki.

scholarly journals Extensive spatiotemporal analyses of surface ozone and related meteorological variables in South Korea for the period 1999–2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 6395-6415 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Seo ◽  
D. Youn ◽  
J. Y. Kim ◽  
H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Kz Filter ◽  
Term Variation

Abstract. Spatiotemporal characteristics of surface ozone (O3) variations over South Korea are investigated with consideration of meteorological factors and timescales based on the Kolmogorov–Zurbenko filter (KZ filter), using measurement data at 124 air quality monitoring sites and 72 weather stations for the 12 yr period of 1999–2010. In general, O3 levels at coastal cities are high due to dynamic effects of the sea breeze while those at the inland and Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) cities are low due to the NOx titration by local precursor emissions. We examine the meteorological influences on O3 using a combined analysis of the KZ filter and linear regressions between O3 and meteorological variables. We decomposed O3 time series at each site into short-term, seasonal, and long-term components by the KZ filter and regressed on meteorological variables. Impact of temperature on the O3 levels is significantly high in the highly populated SMA and inland region, but low in the coastal region. In particular, the probability of high O3 occurrence doubles with 4 °C of temperature increase in the SMA during high O3 months (May–October). This implies that those regions will experience frequent high O3 events in a future warming climate. In terms of short-term variation, the distribution of high O3 probability classified by wind direction shows the effect of both local precursor emissions and long-range transport from China. In terms of long-term variation, the O3 concentrations have increased by +0.26 ppbv yr−1 (parts per billion by volume) on nationwide average, but their trends show large spatial variability. Singular value decomposition analyses further reveal that the long-term temporal evolution of O3 is similar to that of nitrogen dioxide, although the spatial distribution of their trends is different. This study will be helpful as a reference for diagnostics and evaluation of regional- and local-scale O3 and climate simulations, and as a guide to appropriate O3 control policy in South Korea.

scholarly journals Cloud vertical structure over a tropical station obtained using long-term high-resolution radiosonde measurements

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 11709-11727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelli Narendra Reddy ◽  
Madineni Venkat Ratnam ◽  
Ghouse Basha ◽  
Varaha Ravikiran
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Vertical Structure ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Cloud Base ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tropical Station ◽  
Layer Cloud

Abstract. Cloud vertical structure, including top and base altitudes, thickness of cloud layers, and the vertical distribution of multilayer clouds, affects large-scale atmosphere circulation by altering gradients in the total diabatic heating and cooling and latent heat release. In this study, long-term (11 years) observations of high-vertical-resolution radiosondes are used to obtain the cloud vertical structure over a tropical station at Gadanki (13.5∘ N, 79.2∘ E), India. The detected cloud layers are verified with independent observations using cloud particle sensor (CPS) sonde launched from the same station. High-level clouds account for 69.05 %, 58.49 %, 55.5 %, and 58.6 % of all clouds during the pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter seasons, respectively. The average cloud base (cloud top) altitudes for low-level, middle-level, high-level, and deep convective clouds are 1.74 km (3.16 km), 3.59 km (5.55 km), 8.79 km (10.49 km), and 1.22 km (11.45 km), respectively. Single-layer, two-layer, and three-layer clouds account for 40.80 %, 30.71 %, and 19.68 % of all cloud configurations, respectively. Multilayer clouds occurred more frequently during the monsoon with 34.58 %. Maximum cloud top altitude and cloud thickness occurred during the monsoon season for single-layer clouds and the uppermost layer of multiple-layer cloud configurations. In multilayer cloud configurations, diurnal variations in the thickness of upper-layer clouds are larger than those of lower-layer clouds. Heating and cooling in the troposphere and lower stratosphere due to these cloud layers are also investigated and peak cooling (peak warming) is found below (above) the cold-point tropopause (CPT) altitude. The magnitude of cooling (warming) increases from single-layer to four- or more-layer cloud occurrence. Further, the vertical structure of clouds is also studied with respect to the arrival date of the Indian summer monsoon over Gadanki.

scholarly journals 25 years of Cloud Base Height Measurements by Ceilometer in Ny Ålesund, Svalbard

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Maturilli ◽  
Kerstin Ebell
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Cloud Base ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Data Record ◽  
Cloud Base Height

Abstract. Clouds are a key factor for the Arctic Amplification of global warming, but their actual appearance and distribution is still afflicted with large uncertainty. On the Arctic wide scale, large discrepancies are found between the various reanalyses and satellite products, respectively. Although ground-based observations by remote sensing are limited to point measurements, they have the advantage to obtain extended time series of vertically resolved cloud properties. Here, we present a 25-year data record of cloud base height measured by ceilometer at the Arctic site Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. Linked to cyclonic activity, the cloud base height provides essential information for the interpretation of the surface radiation balance and contributes to the understanding meteorological processes. Furthermore, it is a useful auxiliary component for the analysis of advanced technologies that provide insight to cloud microphysical properties, like the cloud radar. The long-term time series also allows deriving an annual cycle of the cloud occurrence frequency, revealing the more frequent cloud cover in summer and the lowest cloud cover amount in April. However, as the use of different ceilometer instruments over the years potentially imposed inhomogeneities to the data record, any long-term trend analysis should be avoided. The Ny-Ålesund cloud base height data from August 1992 to July 2017 are provided in high temporal resolution of 5 minutes (1 minute) before (after) July 1998, respectively, at the PANGAEA repository (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.880300).

scholarly journals Extensive spatio-temporal analyses of surface ozone and related meteorological variables in South Korea for 1999–2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1191-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Seo ◽  
D. Youn ◽  
J. Y. Kim ◽  
H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Kz Filter ◽  
Term Variation ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract. Spatio-temporal characteristics of surface ozone (O3) variations over South Korea are investigated with consideration of meteorological factors and time-scales based on the Kolmogorov–Zurbenko filter (KZ-filter), using measurement data at 124 air quality monitoring sites and 72 weather stations for the 12 yr period of 1999–2010. In general, O3 levels at coastal cities are high due to dynamic effects of the sea breeze while those at the inland and Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) cities are low due to the NOx titration by local precursor emissions. We examine the meteorological influences on the O3 using a combined analysis of the KZ-filter and linear regressions between O3 and meteorological variables. We decomposed O3 time-series at each site into short-term, seasonal, and long-term components by the KZ-filter and regressed them on meteorological variables. Impact of temperature on the O3 levels is significantly high in the highly populated SMA and inland region while that is low in the coastal region. In particular, the probability of high-O3 occurrence doubled with 4 °C of temperature increase in the SMA during high-O3 months (May to October). It implies that those regions will experience frequent high-O3 events in the future warming climate. In terms of short-term variation, distribution of high-O3 probability classified by wind direction shows the effect of both local precursor emissions and long-range transport from China. In terms of long-term variation, the O3 concentrations have increased by +0.26 ppbv yr−1 on nationwide average, but their trends show large spatial variability. Additional statistical analysis of the singular value decomposition further reveals that the long-term temporal evolution of O3 is similar to that of the nitrogen dioxide measurement although the spatial distributions of their trends are different. This study would be helpful as a reference for diagnostics and evaluation of regional- and local-scale O3 and climate simulations and a guide to appropriate O3 control policy in South Korea.

scholarly journals Twenty-five years of cloud base height measurements by ceilometer in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1451-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Maturilli ◽  
Kerstin Ebell
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Cloud Base ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Data Record ◽  
Cloud Base Height

Abstract. Clouds are a key factor for the Arctic amplification of global warming, but their actual appearance and distribution are still afflicted by large uncertainty. On the Arctic-wide scale, large discrepancies are found between the various reanalyses and satellite products, respectively. Although ground-based observations by remote sensing are limited to point measurements, they have the advantage of obtaining extended time series of vertically resolved cloud properties. Here, we present a 25-year data record of cloud base height measured by ceilometer at the Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Arctic site. We explain the composition of the three sub-periods with different instrumentation contributing to the data set, and show examples of potential application areas. Linked to cyclonic activity, the cloud base height provides essential information for the interpretation of the surface radiation balance and contributes to the understanding of meteorological processes. Furthermore, it is a useful auxiliary component for the analysis of advanced technologies that provide insight into cloud microphysical properties, like the cloud radar. The long-term time series also allows derivation of an annual cycle of the cloud occurrence frequency, revealing the more frequent cloud cover in summer and the lowest cloud cover amount in April. However, as the use of different ceilometer instruments over the years potentially imposed inhomogeneities onto the data record, any long-term trend analysis should be avoided. The Ny-Ålesund cloud base height data from August 1992 to July 2017 are provided in a high temporal resolution of 5 min (1 min) before (after) July 1998, respectively, at the PANGAEA repository (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.880300).

Hormonal stimulation and some risk factors studied to improve bovine pregnancy rate at the Coastal areas of Barisal district of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
A K Paul ◽  
S M T Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A

Hormonal treatment of cows at the coastal region of Barisal district of Bangladesh was performed to assess the improvement of pregnancy rate. A total of 100 cows and heifers with irregular history of cyclicity were selected randomly and divided into five treatment groups. The groups were A (treated with anthelmintic), B (treated with anthelmintic, vitamin ADE and multivitamin powder), C (treated with PGF2α), D (treated with GnRH) and E (treated with GnRH and PGF2α). Each group comprised of 20 animals. The age, breed and parity of experimental cows were considered during treatment. In the study, the cows treated with both GnRH and PGF2α (group E) showed significantly (p<0.05) higher estrus (80%) and pregnancy rate (60%) than that of group A, B, C and D. The overall estrus rates of local and crossbred cows were 64% and 70%, respectively and the pregnancy rates were 40 and 52%, respectively. The crossbred cows responded significantly (p<0.05) to hormonal treatment than that of local cows. Parity-2 cows showed higher estrus sign than that of other parities. However, the pregnancy rates were higher significantly (p<0.05) in parity-2 and parity ≥4 cows than that of parity-0, parity-1 and parity-3 cows. The pregnancy rate was also found higher in case of 4 to <5 years old cows than that of 2 to <3, 3 to <4, 5 to <6, and ≥6 years old. It may conclude that the hormonal regimen increases the pregnancy rate as well as decreases the undesired waiting of estrus and conception. Further study with more sample size will reveal the more effective treatment for cows at the coastal areas of Bangladesh.

Hormonal stimulation and some risk factors studied to improve bovine pregnancy rate at the Coastal areas of Barisal district of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
A K Paul ◽  
S M T Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A

Hormonal treatment of cows at the coastal region of Barisal district of Bangladesh was performed to assess the improvement of pregnancy rate. A total of 100 cows and heifers with irregular history of cyclicity were selected randomly and divided into five treatment groups. The groups were A (treated with anthelmintic), B (treated with anthelmintic, vitamin ADE and multivitamin powder), C (treated with PGF2α), D (treated with GnRH) and E (treated with GnRH and PGF2α). Each group comprised of 20 animals. The age, breed and parity of experimental cows were considered during treatment. In the study, the cows treated with both GnRH and PGF2α (group E) showed significantly (p<0.05) higher estrus (80%) and pregnancy rate (60%) than that of group A, B, C and D. The overall estrus rates of local and crossbred cows were 64% and 70%, respectively and the pregnancy rates were 40 and 52%, respectively. The crossbred cows responded significantly (p<0.05) to hormonal treatment than that of local cows. Parity-2 cows showed higher estrus sign than that of other parities. However, the pregnancy rates were higher significantly (p<0.05) in parity-2 and parity ≥4 cows than that of parity-0, parity-1 and parity-3 cows. The pregnancy rate was also found higher in case of 4 to <5 years old cows than that of 2 to <3, 3 to <4, 5 to <6, and ≥6 years old. It may conclude that the hormonal regimen increases the pregnancy rate as well as decreases the undesired waiting of estrus and conception. Further study with more sample size will reveal the more effective treatment for cows at the coastal areas of Bangladesh.

Oil pollution and fisheries

1982 ◽  
Vol 297 (1087) ◽  
pp. 401-411 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Local Impacts ◽  
Reduced Water ◽  
Long Term Adverse Effects

The term ‘pollution’ is taken in its broadest sense and effects are recognized to be due to interference, tainting and toxicity. Each of these types of impact is discussed and assessed. It is concluded that no long-term adverse effects on fish stocks can be attributed to oil but that local impacts can be extremely damaging in the short term and that produce from specific localities can be tainted and unmarketable for long periods. In some coastal areas oil can be one among several contributors to reduced water quality, and the implications of this are discussed.

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