Hormonal stimulation and some risk factors studied to improve bovine pregnancy rate at the Coastal areas of Barisal district of Bangladesh

Hormonal treatment of cows at the coastal region of Barisal district of Bangladesh was performed to assess the improvement of pregnancy rate. A total of 100 cows and heifers with irregular history of cyclicity were selected randomly and divided into five treatment groups. The groups were A (treated with anthelmintic), B (treated with anthelmintic, vitamin ADE and multivitamin powder), C (treated with PGF2α), D (treated with GnRH) and E (treated with GnRH and PGF2α). Each group comprised of 20 animals. The age, breed and parity of experimental cows were considered during treatment. In the study, the cows treated with both GnRH and PGF2α (group E) showed significantly (p<0.05) higher estrus (80%) and pregnancy rate (60%) than that of group A, B, C and D. The overall estrus rates of local and crossbred cows were 64% and 70%, respectively and the pregnancy rates were 40 and 52%, respectively. The crossbred cows responded significantly (p<0.05) to hormonal treatment than that of local cows. Parity-2 cows showed higher estrus sign than that of other parities. However, the pregnancy rates were higher significantly (p<0.05) in parity-2 and parity ≥4 cows than that of parity-0, parity-1 and parity-3 cows. The pregnancy rate was also found higher in case of 4 to <5 years old cows than that of 2 to <3, 3 to <4, 5 to <6, and ≥6 years old. It may conclude that the hormonal regimen increases the pregnancy rate as well as decreases the undesired waiting of estrus and conception. Further study with more sample size will reveal the more effective treatment for cows at the coastal areas of Bangladesh.

Hormonal stimulation and some risk factors studied to improve bovine pregnancy rate at the Coastal areas of Barisal district of Bangladesh

Hormonal treatment of cows at the coastal region of Barisal district of Bangladesh was performed to assess the improvement of pregnancy rate. A total of 100 cows and heifers with irregular history of cyclicity were selected randomly and divided into five treatment groups. The groups were A (treated with anthelmintic), B (treated with anthelmintic, vitamin ADE and multivitamin powder), C (treated with PGF2α), D (treated with GnRH) and E (treated with GnRH and PGF2α). Each group comprised of 20 animals. The age, breed and parity of experimental cows were considered during treatment. In the study, the cows treated with both GnRH and PGF2α (group E) showed significantly (p<0.05) higher estrus (80%) and pregnancy rate (60%) than that of group A, B, C and D. The overall estrus rates of local and crossbred cows were 64% and 70%, respectively and the pregnancy rates were 40 and 52%, respectively. The crossbred cows responded significantly (p<0.05) to hormonal treatment than that of local cows. Parity-2 cows showed higher estrus sign than that of other parities. However, the pregnancy rates were higher significantly (p<0.05) in parity-2 and parity ≥4 cows than that of parity-0, parity-1 and parity-3 cows. The pregnancy rate was also found higher in case of 4 to <5 years old cows than that of 2 to <3, 3 to <4, 5 to <6, and ≥6 years old. It may conclude that the hormonal regimen increases the pregnancy rate as well as decreases the undesired waiting of estrus and conception. Further study with more sample size will reveal the more effective treatment for cows at the coastal areas of Bangladesh.

Gross and ultrasonographic morphometry of female reproductive tract in small ruminants

Understanding the anatomy of female reproductive organs is very much important to identify any variation in disease condition. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the gross and ultrasonographic morphometric of female reproductive tract in small ruminants. The reproductive tracts of 21 does and 20 ewes were collected from slaughter house and both gross and ultrasonographic image measurements were performed to study morphometric of cervix, body of uterus, horn of uterus and ovary. Water bath ultrasonography technique was used with trans-abdominal linear probe for image measurement. Results revealed significant (P<0.001) variation between gross and image measurements of cervix, body of uterus and ovaries in does. In ewes, the significant (P<0.001) variation was observed between gross and image measurements in diameter of ovaries. Gross measurements were proportionately higher than image measurements in both species. The mean length, width and diameters of right ovaries were found higher than those of left ovaries. Pearson’s correlation revealed a positive relation between two measurements. Moreover, it was found that echogenicity varied with reproductive organs. This is a model study, which may help to identify female reproductive structures in small ruminants when trans-abdominal probe is used.

Surgical management of limb fractures in calves and goats

The study was conducted to determine the occurrence of fractures in calves and goats at Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) and to compare the efficacy of fracture treatment with external and internal fixation using splints and bone plate/wire suture respectively. Patients brought to VTH with the history of automobile accident, trauma and clinical signs suggestive of fractures were subjected to detailed physical, orthopaedic and radiographic examinations to confirm fractures. A total of 6 calves and 4 Black Bengal goats were presented to VTH with limb fractures. Fractures were treated with close reduction and external fixation with splints and bandage, and open reduction and internal fixation with wire suture and bone plate. 50% and 75% fracture cases healed properly in calves and goats respectively. Among the affected animals, 60% were females irrespective of species. Metacarpal bone was the most susceptible for limb fracture. Three were open fractures and 7 cases were closed fracture with the occurrence of 70%. The healing percentage of open fracture treated with external fixation was very poor and amputation was needed in the fractured limb. Overall treatment success rate was 60 %. Biochemical analysis revealed very significant (p<0.01) difference in serum calcium level before and after healing due to hard callus formation. This study shows that bone plating fixation give a satisfactory results to calves with fracture. Moreover, the study could help veterinarians to set up proper treatment method depending on location of fracture.

Occurrence of Schistosomus reflexus in neonatal bovine calves in certain areas of Bangladesh: a retrospective study

A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of Schistosomus reflexus in calves from January 2012 to December 2016. Occurrence of Schistosomus reflexus in neonatal calves was studied in relation to breed, sex and seasons of calving. Clinical signs were angulation of limbs and no abdominal closure. Results showed 8.41% Schistosomus reflexus in surgically intervened cows. The percentage of indigenous calves affected with Schistosomus reflexus was as high as 42.86%, and in crossbred this was 57.14%. The percent of female calves born with Schistosomus reflexus was higher (60.0%) than the males (40.0%). Maximum occurrence (42.86%) of Schistosomus reflexus was recorded in the summer followed by rainy (37.14%) and winter seasons (20.0%). Among the studied areas, highest occurrence was recorded in Mymensingh Sadar (68.57%) followed by in Patuakhali Sadar (17.14%) and Bauphal (14.29%) upazilla of Patuakhali district. However, this study provides some basic information to veterinarians, researchers and farmers about the occurrence of Schistosomus reflexus in calves.

Hormonal stimulation and some risk factors studied to improve bovine pregnancy rate at the Coastal areas of Barisal district of Bangladesh

Hormonal treatment of cows at the coastal region of Barisal district of Bangladesh was performed to assess the improvement of pregnancy rate. A total of 100 cows and heifers with irregular history of cyclicity were selected randomly and divided into five treatment groups. The groups were A (treated with anthelmintic), B (treated with anthelmintic, vitamin ADE and multivitamin powder), C (treated with PGF2α), D (treated with GnRH) and E (treated with GnRH and PGF2α). Each group comprised of 20 animals. The age, breed and parity of experimental cows were considered during treatment. In the study, the cows treated with both GnRH and PGF2α (group E) showed significantly (p<0.05) higher estrus (80%) and pregnancy rate (60%) than that of group A, B, C and D. The overall estrus rates of local and crossbred cows were 64% and 70%, respectively and the pregnancy rates were 40 and 52%, respectively. The crossbred cows responded significantly (p<0.05) to hormonal treatment than that of local cows. Parity-2 cows showed higher estrus sign than that of other parities. However, the pregnancy rates were higher significantly (p<0.05) in parity-2 and parity ≥4 cows than that of parity-0, parity-1 and parity-3 cows. The pregnancy rate was also found higher in case of 4 to <5 years old cows than that of 2 to <3, 3 to <4, 5 to <6, and ≥6 years old. It may conclude that the hormonal regimen increases the pregnancy rate as well as decreases the undesired waiting of estrus and conception. Further study with more sample size will reveal the more effective treatment for cows at the coastal areas of Bangladesh.

Macroanatomical Structure of the Lumbosacral Plexus and its Branches in the Indigenous Duck

The present study was carried out to determine the morphological structure and the branches of the lumbosacral plexus in the indigenous duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus). Six mature indigenous ducks were used in this study. After administering an anesthetic to the birds, the body cavities were opened. The nerves of the lumbosacral plexus were dissected separately and photographed. The lumbosacral plexus consisted of lumbar and sacral plexus innervated to the hind limb. The lumbar plexus was formed by the union of three roots of spinal nerves that included last two and first sacral spinal nerve. Among three roots, second (middle) root was the highest in diameter and the last root was least in diameter. We noticed five branches of the lumbar plexus which included obturator, cutaneous femoral, saphenus, cranial coxal, and the femoral nerve. The six roots of spinal nerves, which contributed to form three trunks, formed the sacral plexus of duck. The three trunks united medial to the acetabular foramen and formed a compact, cylindrical bundle, the ischiatic nerve. The principal branches of the sacral plexus were the tibial and fibular nerves that together made up the ischiatic nerve. Other branches were the caudal coxal nerve, the caudal femoral cutaneous nerve and the muscular branches. This study was the first work on the lumbosacral plexus of duck and its results may serve as a basis for further investigation on this subject.

Different Regimes for Challenge Instigation against Newcastle Disease Virus in Layer Birds

Newcastle disease is a highly contagious disease of poultry and causes huge economic loss in Bangladesh. In the study, the efficacy of different vaccination programs against Newcastle disease virus was performed to examine duration and level of antibody in two layer farms with different diluents. The experiment was carried out in Dinajpur district and serological test was performed in the Department of Microbiology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during the period of July, 2017 to December, 2017. A total of 200 blood samples were randomly collected from different age groups of layer birds which were vaccinated with commercially available two live and one killed vaccine namely Avi ND LaSota, CEVAC NEW L and ITA-New (ND). Pre-vaccination serum antibody titers (Mean ± SD) of group A birds were 5.97±0.75. Firstly, birds were vaccinated with Avi ND LASOTA® vaccine, and CEVAC® NEW L vaccine. MASTERBLUE powder and ADVANCE NON-FAT were used as diluents in vaccination. After 40 days of post-vaccination, sera samples were procured and showed serum antibody titer (Mean ± SD) 7.0 ± 0.93. In case of farm-B, before vaccination antibody titers levels against NDV were Mean ± SD 5.85±0.75. Birds of farm-B were vaccinated with Avi ND LaSota® vaccine. After 40 days of post-vaccination, titer was Mean ± SD 6.7 ± 0.93. Then birds were vaccinated with ITA-New (ND) ® which were killed vaccine. After 40 days of post-vaccination, the titer was Mean ± SD 8.15± 0.93. MASTERBLUE powder and ADVANCE NON-FAT are suitable diluents to be used in vaccination against Newcastle disease because tap water may inactivate the vaccine due to its impurity in addition to containing higher level of chlorine and even the type of pipes or vessels used to distribute the drinking water. The results showed that the level of protection of vaccinated birds was satisfactory.