Comparison of Aqueous- and Non-Aqueous-Based Binder Polymers and the Mixing Ratios for Zn//MnO2 Batteries with Mildly Acidic Aqueous Electrolytes

Considering the literature for aqueous rechargeable Zn//MnO2 batteries with acidic electrolytes using the doctor blade coating of the active material (AM), carbon black (CB), and binder polymer (BP) for the positive electrode fabrication, different binder types with (non-)aqueous solvents were introduced so far. Furthermore, in most of the cases, relatively high passive material (CB+BP) shares ~30 wt% were applied. The first part of this work focuses on different selected BPs: polyacrylonitrile (PAN), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), cellulose acetate (CA), and nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). They were used together with (non-)aqueous solvents: DI-water, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). By performing mechanical, electrochemical and optical characterizations, a better overall performance of the BPs using aqueous solvents was found in aqueous 2 M ZnSO4 + 0.1 M MnSO4 electrolyte (i.e., BP LA133: 150 mAh·g−1 and 189 mWh·g−1 @ 160 mA·g−1). The second part focuses on the mixing ratio of the electrode components, aiming at the decrease of the commonly used passive material share of ~30 wt% for an industrial-oriented electrode fabrication, while still maintaining the electrochemical performance. Here, the absolute CB share and the CB/BP ratio are found to be important parameters for an application-oriented electrode fabrication (i.e., high energy/power applications).

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Accelerated Heat-Aging Studies on Fluororubber in Various Media

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3534983 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 1001-1009 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

S. H. Kalfayan ◽

R. H. Silver ◽

S. S. Liu

Keyword(s):

Vinylidene Fluoride ◽

Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽

Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽

High Energy ◽

Chemical Degradation ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Additional Information ◽

The One ◽

Styrene Butadiene

Abstract The nature, extent and, rate of chemical changes that take place in certain elastomers at long times is being studied. The chemical degradation of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and fluorosilicone rubber (FVMQ) were reported previously. Investigations carried out with fluororubber (FKM) are discussed in this paper. Like fluorosilicone, this fluorocarbon elastomer is regarded as a high-temperature- and hydrocarbon-fuel-resistant rubber. The designation FKM is given to the copolymers of vinylidene fluoride (VF) and perfluoropropylene (PFP). The one discussed here is reported to contain also small quantities of a third component, tetrafluoroethylene. The detailed structure, assigned to the FKM polymer as a result of nuclear magnetic resonance studies, shows that it consists of blocks of VF homopolymer, 95% of which is head-to-tail, and blocks of VF-PFP copolymer, 93% of which is head-to-tail. The ratio of the copolymer to the VF homopolymer is dependent on the mole fraction of VF used. Vulcanization of FKM with derivatives of diamines is the commercially preferred method, although peroxides and high-energy radiation can be used for the same purpose. In the present study, N, N-dicinnamylidene-1,6-hexanediamine a Schiff 's base of 1,6-hexanediamine, was used with magnesium oxide as the acid acceptor. Chemical stress relaxation was the method most extensively used to determine the network changes taking place in the heat-aged fluororubber. Swelling, gel permeation chromatography (gpc), and infrared (ir) spectroscopy were also used to obtain additional information.

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Cross-linked poly(acrylic acid)-carboxymethyl cellulose and styrene-butadiene rubber as an efficient binder system and its physicochemical effects on a high energy density graphite anode for Li-ion batteries

Electrochemistry Communications ◽

10.1016/j.elecom.2017.02.018 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 77 ◽

pp. 103-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Donghyeok Shin ◽

Hyunjung Park ◽

Ungyu Paik

Keyword(s):

Energy Density ◽

High Energy ◽

High Energy Density ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Li Ion Batteries ◽

Binder System ◽

Density Graphite ◽

Li Ion ◽

Styrene Butadiene

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Corona Discharge Activation and Reconstruction of Elastomer Surfaces

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3536111 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 102-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

David F. Lawson

Keyword(s):

Corona Discharge ◽

High Energy ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Surface Energies ◽

Angle Measurements ◽

Contact Angle Measurements ◽

Energy Surfaces ◽

Styrene Butadiene ◽

Diene Rubber

Abstract Corona discharge in air appreciably increased surface energies of ethylene—propylene—diene rubber (EPDM), a blend of chlorobutyl and natural rubbers, and styrene—butadiene rubber (SBR), as determined by contact angle measurements. High energy surfaces were typically short-lived, on the order of minutes, presumably due to facile reconstruction of the surface by mobile elastomer chains. Surface activation occurred despite the relatively thick specimens (1.8–2.5 mm) and the presence of up to 35% by weight of carbon black. Electrode configurations had an effect on the experimental results. Ozone, a byproduct of corona discharge, eroded the surface of SBR. Modest improvements in the bonding of an elastomeric urethane coating were realized with some of the surface-activated elastomers.

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