scholarly journals Investigation into the Lithium-Ion Battery Fire Resistance Testing Procedure for Commercial Use

Batteries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Daniel Darnikowski ◽  
Magdalena Mieloszyk
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Safety Test ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Reliable Testing

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have many advantages (e.g., high voltage and long-life cycle) in comparison to other energy storage technologies (e.g., lead acid), resulting in their applicability in a wide variety of structures. Simultaneously, the thermal stability of LIBs is relatively poor and can be damaged by exposure to fire. This paper presents an investigation into a fire resistance safety test for LIBs and the use of thermal sensors to evaluate exposure conditions and estimate the temperatures to which cells are subjected. Temperature distribution data and statistical analysis show significant differences of over 200 ∘C, indicating the stochastic nature of the heating curve despite following the testing procedure requirements. We concluded that the current testing procedure is inadequate for the reliable testing of LIBs, leaving an alarming loophole in the fire safety evaluation. The observed instability is mostly related to wind speed and direction, and fire source size.

Innovative Antriebe 2016

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lifetime Cost ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Automotive Applications ◽  
Battery Electric Vehicles ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
Lithium Sulfur

Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies for Automotive Applications Abstract This paper provides an extended summary of the available relevant rechargeable energy storage electrode materials that can be used for hybrid, plugin and battery electric vehicles. The considered technologies are the existing lithium-ion batteries and the next generation technologies such as lithium sulfur, solid state, metal-air, high voltage materials, metalair and sodium based. This analysis gives a clear overview of the battery potential and characteristics in terms of energy, power, lifetime, cost and finally the technical hurdles. Inhalt Seite Vorwort 1 Alternative Energiespeicher – und Wandler S. Hävemeier, Neue Zelltechnologien und die Chance einer deutschen 3 M. Hackmann, Zellproduktion – Betrachtung von Technologie, Wirtschaft- R. Stanek lichkeit und dem Standort Deutschland N. Omar, Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies for 7 R. Gopalakrishnan Automotive Applications – Present and Future ...

scholarly journals Properties of Composite Boards Properties from Elaeis guineensis Empty Fruit Bunch

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Screw Withdrawal ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This study focussed on composite boards made from Elaeis guineesis empty fruit bunches (EFB). The EFB supplied by a smallholder oil palm planter in Kuala Krai, Kelantan. The fibre cutter and crusher were used in turning the EFB into smaller size particles. They were screened with four-tier sieve shaker used to remove the oversize particles and impurities present. Hardeners and wax added during the mixing process at 1% and 3%. Boards of three (3) different densities were produced using urea-formaldehyde as the bonding agent. The boards produced later conditioned in a chamber set at 20±2°C and 65% relative humidity. The testing procedure set by EN Standards and specifications were followed. The tests results showed the EFB composite boards possessed excellent physical and mechanical properties. The MOR, MOE and internal bonding of the boards were 22.91 N/mm2, 2059.56 N/mm2, and 0.98 N/mm2. The internal bonding for both edge and face screw withdrawal were 467.47 N/mm2, and 512.37 N/mm2 respectively. Boards with 700 g/cm3 density and 14% resin content met all the requirement needed according to standard exercised. Scanning electron microscope images of low-performance boards showed the resin and fibre in the board interacted closely, but voids appeared at the cross-section suggesting moisture penetrated the board via the open spaces and attacked the linkages existed, thus cause the board to have a low property. The thermal stability of the boards manufactured studied using the Thermogravimetric Analysis.

scholarly journals Lithium-ion conductivity in Li6Y(BO3)3: a thermally and electrochemically robust solid electrolyte

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (18) ◽  
pp. 6972-6979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Lopez-Bermudez ◽  
Wolfgang G. Zeier ◽  
Shiliang Zhou ◽  
Anna J. Lehner ◽  
Jerry Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solid Electrolyte ◽  
Solid Electrolytes ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Ion Conductivity ◽  
Ion Diffusion ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Lithium Ion Conductivity ◽  
Storage Technologies

The development of new frameworks for solid electrolytes exhibiting fast Li-ion diffusion is critical for enabling new energy storage technologies.

scholarly journals The design of a multifunctional separator regulating the lithium ion flux for advanced lithium-ion batteries

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (68) ◽  
pp. 40084-40091
Author(s):  
Guohua Sun ◽  
Jiacong Guo ◽  
Hongqing Niu ◽  
Nanjun Chen ◽  
Mengying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Porous Membrane ◽  
Ion Flux ◽  
Thermo Stability

A multifunctional PBI porous membrane with superior fire-resistance, excellent thermo-stability and high wettability is designed.

scholarly journals Analysis of Different Energy Storage Technologies for Microgrids Energy Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Darío Benavides ◽  
Paúl Arévalo ◽  
Luis G. Gonzalez ◽  
José A. Aguado
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Efficiency Performance ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
Different Levels

The importance of energy storage systems is increasing in microgrids energy management. In this study, an analysis is carried out for different types of energy storage technologies commonly used in the energy storage systems of a microgrid, such as: lead acid batteries, lithium ion batteries, redox vanadium flux batteries and supercapacitors. In this work, it is analyzed the process of charging and discharging (slow and fast) in these systems, the calculation of energy efficiency, performance and energy supplied under different load levels, in its normal operating conditions and installed power capacity is developed. The results allow us to choose the optimal conditions of charge and discharge at different levels of reference power, analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the characteristics of each storage system within a microgrid.

scholarly journals By The Numbers: Grid Energy Storage gets Cheaper

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (04) ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Winters
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Ion Storage ◽  
Investment Firm ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Grid Storage ◽  
Modern Technologies

This article discusses introduction of modern technologies to enhance electric grid storage. The New York investment firm Lazard released an analysis of energy storage technologies, based on the levelized cost. The analysis looked at two different common battery chemistries—lithium-ion and lead-acid—as well as flow batteries. Lazard analyzed the cost of ‘behind the meter’ applications, such as battery backups for residential solar systems or businesses trying to save demand at peak times. Lazard expects lithium-ion storage prices to continue dropping over the next 5 years. It is expected that the cost of storage may soon become cheap enough to make the spotty service of wind and solar power an annoyance, not a deal-breaker.

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