scholarly journals Sex Hormone-Specific Neuroanatomy of Takotsubo Syndrome: Is the Insular Cortex a Moderator?

Biomolecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Michiaki Nagai ◽  
Carola Yvette Förster ◽  
Keigo Dote
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Takotsubo Syndrome ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Female Sex Hormones ◽  
Autonomic Instability

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), a transient form of dysfunction in the heart’s left ventricle, occurs predominantly in postmenopausal women who have emotional stress. Earlier studies support the concept that the human circulatory system is modulated by a cortical network (consisting of the anterior cingulate gyrus, amygdala, and insular cortex (Ic)) that plays a pivotal role in the central autonomic nervous system in relation to emotional stressors. The Ic plays a crucial role in the sympathovagal balance, and decreased levels of female sex hormones have been speculated to change functional cerebral asymmetry, with a possible link to autonomic instability. In this review, we focus on the Ic as an important moderator of the human brain–heart axis in association with sex hormones. We also summarize the current knowledge regarding the sex-specific neuroanatomy in TTS.

In-vivo topography of structural alterations of the anterior cingulate gyrus in schizophrenia

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Zetzsche ◽  
UW Preuss ◽  
T Frodl ◽  
D Watz ◽  
G Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Structural Alterations

Brain reactivity to humorous films is affected by insomnia

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Sanz-Arigita ◽  
Yannick Daviaux ◽  
Marc Joliot ◽  
Bixente Dilharreguy ◽  
Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Left Caudate ◽  
Neural Reactivity ◽  
The Right

Abstract Study objectives Emotional reactivity to negative stimuli has been investigated in insomnia, but little is known about emotional reactivity to positive stimuli and its neural representation. Methods We used 3T fMRI to determine neural reactivity during the presentation of standardized short, 10-40-s, humorous films in insomnia patients (n=20, 18 females, aged 27.7 +/- 8.6 years) and age-matched individuals without insomnia (n=20, 19 females, aged 26.7 +/- 7.0 years), and assessed humour ratings through a visual analogue scale (VAS). Seed-based functional connectivity was analysed for left and right amygdala networks: group-level mixed-effects analysis (FLAME; FSL) was used to compare amygdala connectivity maps between groups. Results fMRI seed-based analysis of the amygdala revealed stronger neural reactivity in insomnia patients than in controls in several brain network clusters within the reward brain network, without humour rating differences between groups (p = 0.6). For left amygdala connectivity, cluster maxima were in the left caudate (Z=3.88), left putamen (Z=3.79) and left anterior cingulate gyrus (Z=4.11), while for right amygdala connectivity, cluster maxima were in the left caudate (Z=4.05), right insula (Z=3.83) and left anterior cingulate gyrus (Z=4.29). Cluster maxima of the right amygdala network were correlated with hyperarousal scores in insomnia patients only. Conclusions Presentation of humorous films leads to increased brain activity in the neural reward network for insomnia patients compared to controls, related to hyperarousal features in insomnia patients, in the absence of humor rating group differences. These novel findings may benefit insomnia treatment interventions.

Altered Functional Connectivity Patterns of Parietal Subregions Contribute to Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with White Matter Hyperintensities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Qiang Wei ◽  
Shanshan Cao ◽  
Yang Ji ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity

Background: The white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are considered as one of the core neuroimaging findings of cerebral small vessel disease and independently associated with cognitive deficit. The parietal lobe is a heterogeneous area containing many subregions and play an important role in the processes of neurocognition. Objective: To explore the relationship between parietal subregions alterations and cognitive impairments in WHMs. Methods: Resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) analyses of parietal subregions were performed in 104 right-handed WMHs patients divided into mild (n = 39), moderate (n = 37), and severe WMHs (n = 28) groups according to the Fazekas scale and 36 healthy controls. Parietal subregions were defined using tractographic Human Brainnetome Atlas and included five subregions for superior parietal lobe, six subregions for inferior parietal lobe (IPL), and three subregions for precuneus. All participants underwent a neuropsychological test battery to evaluate emotional and general cognitive functions. Results: Differences existed between the rs-FC strength of IPL_R_6_2 with the left anterior cingulate gyrus, IPL_R_6_3 with the right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, and the IPL_R_6_5 with the left anterior cingulate gyrus. The connectivity strength between IPL_R_6_3 and the left anterior cingulate gyrus were correlated with AVLT-immediate and AVLT-recognition test in WMHs. Conclusion: We explored the roles of parietal subregions in WMHs using rs-FC. The functional connectivity of parietal subregions with the cortex regions showed significant differences between the patients with WMHs and healthy controls which may be associated with cognitive deficits in WMHs.

The human cortical autonomic network and volitional exercise in health and disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1122-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baraa K. Al-Khazraji ◽  
J. Kevin Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Cardiovascular Control ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Autonomic Activation ◽  
Imaging Research ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Cortical Regions

The autonomic nervous system elicits continuous beat-by-beat homeostatic adjustments to cardiovascular control. These modifications are mediated by sensory inputs (e.g., baroreceptors, metaboreceptors, pulmonary, thermoreceptors, and chemoreceptors afferents), integration at the brainstem control centres (i.e., medulla), and efferent autonomic neural outputs (e.g., spinal, preganglionic, and postganglionic pathways). However, extensive electrical stimulation and functional imaging research show that the brain’s higher cortical regions (e.g., insular cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex) partake in homeostatic regulation of the cardiovascular system at rest and during exercise. We now appreciate that these cortical areas form a network, namely the “cortical autonomic network” (CAN), which operate as part of a larger central autonomic network comprising 2-way communication of cortical and subcortical areas to exert autonomic influence. Interestingly, differential patterns of CAN activity and ensuing cardiovascular control are present in disease states, thereby highlighting the importance of considering the role of CAN as an integral aspect of cardiovascular regulation in health and disease. This review discusses current knowledge on human cortical autonomic activation during volitional exercise, and the role of exercise training on this activation in both health and disease.

scholarly journals The Anterior Cingulate Gyrus and Social Cognition: Tracking the Motivation of Others

Neuron ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A.J. Apps ◽  
Matthew F.S. Rushworth ◽  
Steve W.C. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Gyrus

scholarly journals Lower [18F]fallypride binding to dopamine D2/3 receptors in frontal brain areas in adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a positron emission tomography study

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther D. A. van Duin ◽  
Jenny Ceccarini ◽  
Jan Booij ◽  
Zuzana Kasanova ◽  
Claudia Vingerhoets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Frontal Brain

AbstractBackgroundThe 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is caused by a deletion on chromosome 22 locus q11.2. This copy number variant results in haplo-insufficiency of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, and is associated with a significant increase in the risk for developing cognitive impairments and psychosis. The COMT gene encodes an enzyme that primarily modulates clearance of dopamine (DA) from the synaptic cleft, especially in the prefrontal cortical areas. Consequently, extracellular DA levels may be increased in prefrontal brain areas in 22q11DS, which may underlie the well-documented susceptibility for cognitive impairments and psychosis in affected individuals. This study aims to examine DA D2/3 receptor binding in frontal brain regions in adults with 22q11DS, as a proxy of frontal DA levels.MethodsThe study was performed in 14 non-psychotic, relatively high functioning adults with 22q11DS and 16 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs), who underwent DA D2/3 receptor [18F]fallypride PET imaging. Frontal binding potential (BPND) was used as the main outcome measure.ResultsBPND was significantly lower in adults with 22q11DS compared with HCs in the prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate gyrus. After Bonferroni correction significance remained for the anterior cingulate gyrus. There were no between-group differences in BPND in the orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex.ConclusionsThis study is the first to demonstrate lower frontal D2/3 receptor binding in adults with 22q11DS. It suggests that a 22q11.2 deletion affects frontal dopaminergic neurotransmission.

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